Office of Nutrition, Labeling and Dietary Supplements, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2011 May;69(5):270-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00389.x.
Tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) set by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) are important, in part because they are used for estimating the percentage of the population at potential risk of adverse effects from excessive nutrient intake. The IOM did not set ULs for trans fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol because any intake level above 0% of energy increased LDL cholesterol concentration and these three food components are unavoidable in ordinary diets. The purpose of the analysis presented in this review was to evaluate clinical trial and prospective observational data that were not previously considered for setting a UL with the aim of determining whether the current UL model could be used for saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol. The results of this analysis confirm the limitations of the risk assessment model for setting ULs because of its inability to identify a UL for food components, such as cholesterol, that lack an intake threshold associated with increased chronic disease risk.
可耐受最高摄入量（UL）由医学研究所（IOM）设定，这很重要，部分原因是它们用于估计有潜在风险的人群比例，即因过量营养素摄入而产生不良反应。IOM 没有为反式脂肪、饱和脂肪和胆固醇设定 UL，因为任何超过 0%能量的摄入量都会增加 LDL 胆固醇浓度，而这三种食物成分在普通饮食中是不可避免的。本综述中呈现的分析目的是评估之前没有被考虑用于设定 UL 的临床试验和前瞻性观察数据，旨在确定当前的 UL 模型是否可用于饱和脂肪、反式脂肪和胆固醇。该分析的结果证实了风险评估模型在设定 UL 方面的局限性，因为它无法确定缺乏与慢性疾病风险增加相关的摄入量阈值的胆固醇等食物成分的 UL。
