Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P,O, Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
Int J Ment Health Syst. 2011 Apr 26;5:9. doi: 10.1186/1752-4458-5-9.
An exclusive focus on individual or family coping strategies may be inadequate for people whose major point of concern may be collective healing on a more communal level.
To our knowledge, the current study is the first to make use of ethnographic fieldwork methods to investigate this type of coping as a process in a natural setting over time. Participant observation was employed within a Tamil NGO in Norway between August 2006 and December 2008.
Tamil refugees in Norway co-operated to appraise their shared life situation and accumulate resources communally to improve it in culturally meaningful ways. Long term aspirations were related to both the situation in the homeland and in exile. However, unforeseen social events created considerable challenges and forced them to modify and adapt their coping strategies.
We describe a form of coping previously not described in the scientific literature: Communal proactive coping strategies, defined as the process by which group members feel collectively responsible for their future well-being and co-operate to promote desired outcomes and prevent undesired changes. The study shows that proactive coping efforts occur in a dynamic social setting which may force people to use their accumulated proactive coping resources in reactive coping efforts. Theoretical and clinical implications are explored.
如果人们主要关注的是更社区层面的集体疗愈，那么仅仅关注个人或家庭的应对策略可能是不够的。
据我们所知，目前的研究首次利用民族志实地工作方法，在自然环境中随着时间的推移，将这种应对方式作为一个过程进行研究。2006 年 8 月至 2008 年 12 月期间，在挪威的一个泰米尔非政府组织中采用了参与者观察法。
挪威的泰米尔难民合作评估他们共同的生活状况，并共同积累资源，以文化上有意义的方式改善生活状况。长期的愿望与祖国和流亡地的情况有关。然而，意想不到的社会事件带来了相当大的挑战，迫使他们修改和调整他们的应对策略。
我们描述了一种以前在科学文献中没有描述过的应对方式：集体主动应对策略，定义为群体成员对自己的未来福祉集体负责，并合作促进期望的结果和防止不期望的变化的过程。研究表明，主动应对努力发生在一个动态的社会环境中，这可能迫使人们在应对反应中使用他们积累的主动应对资源。探讨了理论和临床意义。
