Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2011 Jul;37(7):905-17. doi: 10.1177/0146167211405994. Epub 2011 Apr 26.
According to self-determination theory, people have three basic psychological needs: relatedness, competence, and autonomy. Of these, the authors reasoned that relatedness need satisfaction is particularly important for promoting prosocial behavior because of the increased sense of connectedness to others that this engenders. In Experiment 1, the authors manipulated relatedness, autonomy, competence, or gave participants a neutral task, and found that highlighting relatedness led to higher interest in volunteering and intentions to volunteer relative to the other conditions. Experiment 2 found that writing about relatedness experiences promoted feelings of connectedness to others, which in turn predicted greater prosocial intentions. Experiment 3 found that relatedness manipulation participants donated significantly more money to charity than did participants given a neutral task. The results suggest that highlighting relatedness increases engagement in prosocial activities and are discussed in relation to the conflict and compatibility between individual and social outcomes.
根据自我决定理论，人们有三种基本的心理需求：关联性、能力和自主性。在这些需求中，作者认为关联性需求的满足对于促进亲社会行为尤为重要，因为这会增加与他人的联系感。在实验 1 中，作者操纵了关联性、自主性、能力，或者给参与者一个中性任务，发现强调关联性会导致比其他条件更高的志愿服务兴趣和意愿。实验 2 发现，写有关联性的经历可以促进与他人的联系感，进而预测更大的亲社会意愿。实验 3 发现，与强调关联性的参与者相比，给予中性任务的参与者向慈善机构捐赠的金额明显更多。这些结果表明，强调关联性会增加参与亲社会活动的积极性，并在个体和社会结果的冲突和兼容性方面进行了讨论。
