ISCTE - Lisbon University Institute/CIS - Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Lisbon, Portugal.
Eur J Pain. 2011 Oct;15(9):950-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.03.010. Epub 2011 May 6.
Although women report feeling more pain than men their pain is often under-valued as compared to men's pain. We argue that such biases are not universal, being either enhanced or suppressed by context-related variables pertaining to the situation, the patient and the perceiver. Consequently, we aimed at understanding the effects of pain duration, patient's distress and the judge's sex on sex-related biases in pain judgements. Two-hundred and five nursing students (44.9% male) participated in a between-subjects design, 2 (pain duration)×2 (patient's distress)×2 (patient's sex)×2 (participant's sex). Participants read a vignette depicting a man/woman going into an Emergency Room complaining of low-back pain, that he/she had had for 3days/years, with/without signs of distress. Afterwards, participants judged the: (1) clinical severity/urgency; (2) pain credibility; and (3) pain disability. Findings showed that sex-related biases were only evident when pain was acute or expressed without distress. In these cases, the woman's clinical situation was perceived as less severe/urgent and her pain as less credible as compared to the man's. Moreover, only the judgments on the woman's pain were moderated by such contextual variables. Finally, male students were more biased than females. Implications for gender equality in pain treatments are drawn.
虽然女性报告的疼痛比男性更强烈，但与男性的疼痛相比，她们的疼痛往往被低估。我们认为，这种偏见并不是普遍存在的，而是会受到与情境、患者和观察者相关的变量的增强或抑制。因此，我们旨在了解疼痛持续时间、患者的痛苦和评判者的性别对疼痛判断中性别偏见的影响。205 名护理专业学生（44.9%为男性）参与了一项被试间设计实验，其中包括 2 个（疼痛持续时间）×2 个（患者的痛苦）×2 个（患者的性别）×2 个（参与者的性别）。参与者阅读了一个描述一个男人/女人去急诊室抱怨下背痛的情景，他/她已经有 3 天/年的疼痛，有/没有痛苦的迹象。之后，参与者判断了：（1）临床严重程度/紧急程度；（2）疼痛可信度；（3）疼痛残疾程度。研究结果表明，只有在疼痛是急性的或没有痛苦表达时，才会出现与性别相关的偏见。在这些情况下，女性的临床情况被认为不如男性严重/紧急，她的疼痛也不如男性可信。此外，只有女性疼痛的判断受到这些情境变量的调节。最后，男性学生比女性学生更有偏见。本文讨论了在疼痛治疗中实现性别平等的意义。
