Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
Cell Metab. 2011 May 4;13(5):495-504. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.04.004.
Autophagy mediates the degradation of cellular components in lysosomes, assuring removal of altered or dysfunctional proteins and organelles. Autophagy is not only activated in response to cellular damage; in fact, one of its strongest and better-characterized stimuli is starvation. Activation of autophagy when nutrients are scarce allows cells to reutilize their own constituents for energy. Besides protein breakdown, autophagy also contributes to the mobilization of diverse cellular energy stores. This recently discovered interplay between autophagy and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism reveals the existence of a dynamic feedback between autophagy and cellular energy balance.
自噬作用在溶酶体中介导细胞成分的降解，确保了异常或功能失调的蛋白质和细胞器的清除。自噬不仅在细胞损伤时被激活；事实上，它最强和特征最明显的刺激之一是饥饿。在营养物质匮乏时激活自噬，使细胞能够重新利用自身成分获取能量。除了蛋白质降解，自噬还有助于多种细胞能量储存的动员。自噬与脂质和碳水化合物代谢之间最近发现的这种相互作用揭示了自噬与细胞能量平衡之间存在动态反馈。
