Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Waterloo, West, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2011 Aug;39(8):2152-62. doi: 10.1007/s10439-011-0315-4. Epub 2011 May 1.
Predicting neck kinematics and tissue level response is essential to evaluate the potential for occupant injury in rear impact. A detailed 50th percentile male finite element model, previously validated for frontal impact, was validated for rear impact scenarios with material properties based on actual tissue properties from the literature. The model was validated for kinematic response using 4 g volunteer and 7 g cadaver rear impacts, and at the tissue level with 8 g isolated full spine rear impact data. The model was then used to predict capsular ligament (CL) strain for increasing rear impact severity, since CL strain has been implicated as a source of prolonged pain resulting from whiplash injury. The model predicted the onset of CL injury for a 14 g rear impact, in agreement with motor vehicle crash epidemiology. More extensive and severe injuries were predicted with increasing impact severity. The importance of muscle activation was demonstrated for a 7 g rear impact where the CL strain was reduced from 28 to 13% with active muscles. These aspects have not previously been demonstrated experimentally, since injurious load levels cannot be applied to live human subjects. This study bridges the gap between low intensity volunteer impacts and high intensity cadaver impacts, and predicts tissue level response to assess the potential for occupant injury.
预测颈部运动学和组织水平的反应对于评估后排碰撞中乘员受伤的潜在风险至关重要。一个经过详细验证的 50 百分位男性有限元模型，之前已经过正面碰撞验证，现在基于文献中的实际组织特性，对后排碰撞场景的材料特性进行了验证。该模型通过志愿者 4g 和尸体 7g 的后排碰撞进行了运动学响应验证，并通过 8g 分离全脊柱后排碰撞数据进行了组织水平验证。然后，该模型用于预测增加后排碰撞严重程度的囊状韧带 (CL) 应变，因为 CL 应变已被认为是挥鞭伤引起长期疼痛的来源。该模型预测了 14g 后排碰撞时 CL 损伤的发生，与机动车碰撞流行病学一致。随着碰撞严重程度的增加，预测到了更广泛和更严重的损伤。对于 7g 的后排碰撞，肌肉激活的重要性得到了证明，因为在有肌肉活动的情况下，CL 应变从 28%减少到 13%。这些方面以前没有在实验中得到证明，因为无法将损伤性负荷水平应用于活体人类受试者。本研究填补了低强度志愿者冲击和高强度尸体冲击之间的空白，并预测了组织水平的反应，以评估乘员受伤的潜在风险。
