Primary care doctors' management behavior with respect to epilepsy in Kerala, southern India.

Although a majority of persons with epilepsy in developing countries are diagnosed, treated, and followed up by primary care doctors, few efforts have been made to examine their understanding with respect to epilepsy management. Through a questionnaire survey, we gathered information about the epilepsy management behavior of 500 primary care doctors distributed across the south Indian state of Kerala. Very few of them ever had diagnosed focal seizures, and the majority of them overutilize EEGs, prescribe continuous antiepileptic drug (AED) prophylaxis for febrile convulsions, use relatively expensive AEDs often in combination and in suboptimal doses, and did not know about alternate management options for AED-resistant epilepsies. A substantial proportion of the current large treatment gap in epilepsy in developing countries could be minimized by educating the primary care physicians about the diagnosis of epileptic seizures, cost-effective AED treatment, and need-based referral for specialized care.