Marcus Autism Center.
J Appl Behav Anal. 2010 Winter;43(4):569-89. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2010.43-569.
We manipulated relative reinforcement for problem behavior and appropriate behavior using differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) without an extinction component. Seven children with developmental disabilities participated. We manipulated duration (Experiment 1), quality (Experiment 2), delay (Experiment 3), or a combination of each (Experiment 4), such that reinforcement favored appropriate behavior rather than problem behavior even though problem behavior still produced reinforcement. Results of Experiments 1 to 3 showed that behavior was often sensitive to manipulations of duration, quality, and delay in isolation, but the largest and most consistent behavior change was observed when several dimensions of reinforcement were combined to favor appropriate behavior (Experiment 4). Results suggest strategies for reducing problem behavior and increasing appropriate behavior without extinction.
我们使用替代行为的差别强化（DRA）而不使用消退成分来操纵问题行为和适当行为的相对强化。七名发育障碍儿童参与了研究。我们操纵了时长（实验 1）、质量（实验 2）、延迟（实验 3），或者每种因素的组合（实验 4），以便即使问题行为仍然产生强化，强化也更有利于适当行为而不是问题行为。实验 1 至 3 的结果表明，行为通常对时长、质量和延迟的单独操纵很敏感，但当几种强化维度结合起来有利于适当行为时（实验 4），观察到的行为变化最大且最一致。结果表明，无需消退就可以减少问题行为并增加适当行为的策略。
