University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 2010 Winter;43(4):653-72. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2010.43-653.
When responses function to produce the same reinforcer, a response class exists. Researchers have examined response classes in applied settings; however, the challenges associated with conducting applied research on response class development have recently necessitated the development of an analogue response class model. To date, little research has examined response classes that are strengthened by negative reinforcement. The current investigation was designed to develop a laboratory model of a response class through positive reinforcement (i.e., points exchangeable for money) and through negative reinforcement (i.e., the avoidance of scheduled point losses) with 11 college students as participants and clicks as the operant. Results of both the positive and negative reinforcement evaluations showed that participants usually selected the least effortful response that produced points or the avoidance of point losses, respectively. The applied implications of the findings are discussed, along with the relevance of the present model to the study of punishment and resurgence.
当反应起到产生相同强化物的作用时，就存在一个反应类。研究人员已经在应用环境中研究了反应类；然而，由于对反应类发展进行应用研究的挑战，最近有必要开发一个类似的反应类模型。迄今为止，很少有研究检验受负强化增强的反应类。目前的调查旨在通过正强化（即，可兑换成金钱的积分）和通过负强化（即，避免预定的积分损失），用 11 名大学生作为参与者，点击作为操作性条件作用，来开发一个反应类的实验室模型。正强化和负强化评估的结果都表明，参与者通常选择最省力的反应，以获得积分或避免积分损失。讨论了这些发现的应用意义，以及本模型与惩罚和复燃研究的相关性。
