Bolívar Hypatia A, Dallery Jesse
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States.
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States.
Behav Processes. 2020 Sep;178:104187. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104187. Epub 2020 Jul 2.
Extensive research has been dedicated to the study of resurgence following extinction and differential reinforcement of alternative behavior. Less is known about the effects of punishment on resurgence. This study extended previous research by examining whether the magnitude of response cost punishment affects resurgence of human operant behavior. College students engaged in a computer task using the three-phase resurgence procedure where points were used to reinforce target (Phase 1) or alternative (Phase 2) behavior. Across three groups, Phase 2 contingencies for the target response were manipulated. In one group, only extinction was implemented. In the other two groups, response cost was also implemented. Response cost was equal to or double the number of points that could be gained for alternative responding. Resurgence was similar in Phase 3 across the three groups, demonstrating that neither the addition nor the magnitude of punishment differentially affected response recovery under these conditions. Future research should examine other parameters of punishment (e.g., delay, schedule) and how these variables interact with different parameters of alternative reinforcement to increase our understanding of the conditions under which resurgence may be exacerbated or minimized.
大量研究致力于灭绝后的恢复以及替代行为的差别强化的研究。关于惩罚对恢复的影响所知较少。本研究通过考察反应代价惩罚的程度是否会影响人类操作性行为的恢复，扩展了先前的研究。大学生参与一项使用三阶段恢复程序的计算机任务，其中分数被用于强化目标行为（第一阶段）或替代行为（第二阶段）。在三组实验中，对目标反应的第二阶段应急措施进行了操纵。在一组中，只实施了消退。在另外两组中，也实施了反应代价。反应代价等于或两倍于替代反应所能获得的分数。三组在第三阶段的恢复情况相似，表明在这些条件下，惩罚的施加与否以及程度均未对反应恢复产生差别影响。未来的研究应考察惩罚的其他参数（如延迟、时间表），以及这些变量如何与替代强化的不同参数相互作用，以增进我们对恢复可能加剧或最小化的条件的理解。
