Munyeme Musso, Munang'andu Hetron Mweemba
Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Vet Med Int. 2011 Mar 16;2011:918743. doi: 10.4061/2011/918743.
The Kafue basin ecosystem is the only remaining natural habitat for the endangered Kafue lechwe antelope (Kobus leche Kafuensis). However, hydroelectricity power production, large-scale sugar plantations, commercial fishing and increasing livestock production are threatening its natural existence and sustainability. Further, increasing human settlements within and around the Kafue basin have resulted in decreased grazing grounds for the Kafue lechwe antelopes despite a corresponding increase in cattle population sharing the same pasture. Baseline epidemiological data have persistently reported findings of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in both wild and domestic animals, although these have been deficient in terms of describing direct evidence in the role of either lechwe antelopes or cattle in the reported observations. Despite the current literature being deficient in establishing the casual role and transmission patterns of BTB, a bimodal route of infection at the livestock/wildlife interface has been postulated. Likewise, it is not known how much of (BTB) has the potential of causing disease in humans. This paper, seeks to underline those aspects that need further research and update available data on BTB in the Kafue basin with regards to the prevalence, distribution, risk factors, threats on wildlife conservation, livestock production, public health implications, and possible mitigatory measures.
卡富埃盆地生态系统是濒危的卡富埃水羚（Kobus leche Kafuensis）仅存的自然栖息地。然而，水力发电、大规模甘蔗种植园、商业捕鱼以及不断增加的畜牧业生产正威胁着它的自然存续和可持续性。此外，卡富埃盆地内部及周边人类住区不断增加，尽管共享同一牧场的牛群数量相应增加，但卡富埃水羚的放牧地却减少了。基线流行病学数据一直报告在野生动物和家畜中均发现牛结核病（BTB），尽管这些报告在描述水羚或牛在报告观察结果中的作用的直接证据方面存在不足。尽管目前的文献在确定牛结核病的因果作用和传播模式方面存在不足，但已假定在牲畜/野生动物界面存在双峰感染途径。同样，尚不清楚有多少牛结核病有可能导致人类疾病。本文旨在强调那些需要进一步研究的方面，并更新卡富埃盆地关于牛结核病的流行率、分布、风险因素、对野生动物保护的威胁、畜牧业生产、公共卫生影响以及可能的缓解措施的现有数据。
