Sinyangwe Ntazana N, Siwila Joyce, Muma John B, Chola Mumbi, Michelo Charles
School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Front Public Health. 2020 Mar 13;8:74. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00074. eCollection 2020.
spp. is one of the leading causes of diarrhoeal disease globally. In Zambia, the burden of infection in the general human population is unknown and factors associated with it are unclear. A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of spp. and identify factors associated with its infection among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive individuals in contact with livestock in Namwala district of Zambia. Three hundred and twenty six stool samples were collected from HIV infected individuals presenting at local health centers in Namwala district of Zambia between August 2015 and June 2016. The Meriflour / test kit was used to test for presence of oocysts. Demographic information such as age and sex and information on hypothesized risk factors was collected using a structured questionnaire. Overall prevalence of infection was 9.5% (95% CI = 6.7-13.2%); 13.3% and 7.1% among male and female participants, respectively. Males were 2.5 times more likely to be infected than females whereas the divorced had higher odds of being infected (OR = 14.8). Participants who kept animals had a higher prevalence (11.4%) than those that did not (7.0%). Those that shared water with neighbors were 5.7 times more likely to be infected than those who did not. We conclude that infection is prevalent among HIV positive adults in Namwala district and infection is associated with sex, marital status and sharing water sources among neighbors. Community sensitization is required to create awareness and reduce human exposure to infection.
[某种寄生虫]属是全球腹泻病的主要病因之一。在赞比亚，普通人群中的[该寄生虫]感染负担尚不清楚，与之相关的因素也不明确。开展了一项研究，以确定赞比亚纳姆瓦拉区与牲畜接触的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）阳性个体中[某种寄生虫]属的流行情况，并确定与其感染相关的因素。2015年8月至2016年6月期间，从赞比亚纳姆瓦拉区当地卫生中心就诊的HIV感染个体中采集了326份粪便样本。使用Meriflour/检测试剂盒检测卵囊的存在。通过结构化问卷收集年龄和性别等人口统计学信息以及关于假设风险因素的信息。[该寄生虫]感染的总体患病率为9.5%（95%置信区间=6.7-13.2%）；男性和女性参与者中的患病率分别为13.3%和7.1%。男性感染的可能性是女性的2.5倍，而离婚者感染的几率更高（比值比=14.8）。饲养动物的参与者患病率（11.4%）高于未饲养动物的参与者（7.0%）。与邻居共用水源的人感染的可能性是未共用者的5.7倍。我们得出结论，在纳姆瓦拉区的HIV阳性成年人中，[该寄生虫]感染很普遍，感染与性别、婚姻状况以及与邻居共用水源有关。需要开展社区宣传，以提高认识并减少人类接触[该寄生虫]感染。
