Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
BMC Oral Health. 2022 Jul 9;22(1):281. doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02303-1.
Occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition are crucial in predicting and determining permanent tooth alignment and occlusion. The aim of our study was to determine the occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition of 5-year-old children in Greece through a national pathfinder survey.
A stratified cluster sample of 1222 5-year-old children was selected according to the WHO guidelines for national pathfinder surveys. Five occlusal traits were registered clinically in centric occlusion, separately for the left and right sides: sagittal relationships of the second primary molars and primary canines, overjet, overbite, crossbite, and maxillary and mandibular spacing.
Most children showed a flush terminal plane of primary second molars (44.8%), a class I primary canine relationship (52.2%) and normal overjet (46.4%), but a high prevalence of Class II canine relationship (25.6%) and overjet (37.8%) were also observed. A normal overbite was found in 40% of the children and 40% had a deep overbite. Spacing was apparent in both maxilla (71.1% of children) and mandible (56.4%). The prevalence of open bite and distal step molar relationship significantly rose in children with non-nutritive sucking habits.
Νon-nutritive habits were associated to altered occlusal features. No sex significant differences were found in either the sagittal relationships of second primary molars and primary canines, or overjet, overbite, crossbite and spacing.
乳牙的咬合特征对于预测和确定恒牙的排列和咬合至关重要。本研究旨在通过全国探路者调查确定希腊 5 岁儿童乳牙的咬合特征。
根据世界卫生组织（WHO）全国探路者调查指南，采用分层聚类抽样方法抽取 1222 名 5 岁儿童作为样本。在正中咬合位，分别记录左侧和右侧的 5 个咬合特征：第二乳磨牙和乳尖牙的矢状关系、覆𬌗、覆盖、反𬌗、上颌和下颌间隙。
大多数儿童的第二乳磨牙末端平面平齐（44.8%）、乳尖牙呈 I 类关系（52.2%）、覆𬌗正常（46.4%），但也观察到较高的 II 类尖牙关系（25.6%）和覆𬌗（37.8%）。40%的儿童有正常的覆盖，40%的儿童有深覆盖。上颌（71.1%的儿童）和下颌（56.4%的儿童）均存在间隙。非营养性吸吮习惯的儿童开𬌗和远中阶梯磨牙关系的发生率显著增加。
非营养性习惯与咬合特征的改变有关。第二乳磨牙和乳尖牙矢状关系、覆𬌗、覆盖、反𬌗和间隙方面，男女之间未见显著差异。
