Department of Biological Oceanography, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), PO Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg, The Netherlands.
Environ Microbiol. 2011 Jul;13(7):1827-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02497.x. Epub 2011 May 9.
Microbial communities in Arctic coastal waters experience dramatic changes in environmental conditions during the spring to summer transition period, potentially leading to major variations in the relationship between viral and prokaryotic communities. To document these variations, a number of physico-chemical and biological parameters were determined during the ice-melting season in the coastal Arctic (Kongsfjorden, Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen). The bacterial and viral abundance increased during the spring to summer transition period, probably associated to the increase in temperature and the development of a phytoplankton bloom. The increase in viral abundance was less pronounced than the increase in prokaryotic abundance; consequently, the viral to prokaryotic abundance ratio decreased. The bacterial and viral communities were stratified as determined by Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-PCR respectively. Both the bacterial and viral communities were characterized by a relatively low number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Despite the apparent low complexity of the bacterial and viral communities, the link between these two communities was weak over the melting season, as suggested by the different trends of prokaryotic and viral abundance during the sampling period. This weak relationship between the two communities might be explained by UV radiation and suspended particles differently affecting the viruses and prokaryotes in the coastal Arctic during this period. Based on our results, we conclude that the viral and bacterial communities in the Arctic were strongly affected by the variability of the environmental conditions during the transition period between spring and summer.
北极沿海水域的微生物群落在春季到夏季过渡期间经历了环境条件的剧烈变化，这可能导致病毒和原核生物群落之间的关系发生重大变化。为了记录这些变化，在北极沿海地区（康斯峡湾、新奥勒松、斯匹次卑尔根）的融冰季节期间，确定了许多理化和生物参数。细菌和病毒丰度在春季到夏季过渡期间增加，可能与温度升高和浮游植物大量繁殖有关。病毒丰度的增加不如原核生物丰度的增加明显；因此，病毒与原核生物的丰度比降低。细菌和病毒群落分别通过自动核糖体基因间隔区分析和随机扩增多态性 DNA-PCR 进行分层。细菌和病毒群落都具有相对较少的操作分类单元（OTUs）。尽管细菌和病毒群落的复杂性明显较低，但在融冰季节期间，这两个群落之间的联系很弱，这反映在采样期间原核生物和病毒丰度的不同趋势上。在这段时间里，紫外线辐射和悬浮颗粒对北极沿海地区的病毒和原核生物的不同影响可能解释了这两个群落之间的弱关系。基于我们的结果，我们得出结论，北极的病毒和细菌群落受到春季到夏季过渡期间环境条件变化的强烈影响。
