Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands.
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Viruses. 2019 Jan 30;11(2):123. doi: 10.3390/v11020123.
Over the past few decades, the Arctic region has been strongly affected by global warming, leading to increased sea surface temperatures and melting of land and sea ice. Marine terminating (tide-water) glaciers are expected to show higher melting and calving rates, with an increase in the input of fine sediment particles in the coastal marine environment. We experimentally investigated whether marine viruses, which drive microbial interactions and biogeochemical cycling are removed from the water column through adsorption to glacier-delivered fine sediments. Ecologically relevant concentrations of 30, 100 and 200 mg·L sediments were added to filtered lysates of 3 cultured algal viruses and to a natural marine bacterial virus community. Total virus removal increased with sediment concentration whereby the removal rate depended on the virus used (up to 88% for an Arctic algal virus), suggesting a different interaction strength with the sediment. Moreover, we observed that the adsorption of viruses to sediment is a reversible process, and that desorbed viruses are still able to infect their respective hosts. Nonetheless, the addition of sediment to infection experiments with the Arctic prasinovirus MpoV-45T substantially delayed host lysis and the production of progeny viruses. We demonstrate that glacier-derived fine sediments have the potency to alter virus availability and consequently, host population dynamics.
在过去的几十年中，北极地区受到全球变暖的强烈影响，导致海表温度升高，陆地和海冰融化。海洋终端（潮水）冰川预计会出现更高的融化和崩解速度，并增加沿海海洋环境中的细颗粒沉积物的输入。我们通过实验研究了海洋病毒是否通过吸附到冰川输送的细沉积物而从水柱中去除，这些病毒驱动微生物相互作用和生物地球化学循环。将 30、100 和 200mg·L 的生态相关浓度的沉积物添加到 3 种培养藻类病毒的过滤裂解物和天然海洋细菌病毒群落中。随着沉积物浓度的增加，总病毒去除率增加，病毒的去除率取决于所使用的病毒（对北极藻类病毒的去除率高达 88%），这表明与沉积物的相互作用强度不同。此外，我们观察到病毒对沉积物的吸附是一个可逆的过程，并且解吸的病毒仍然能够感染其各自的宿主。尽管如此，在北极海胆病毒 MpoV-45T 的感染实验中添加沉积物会大大延迟宿主裂解和产生后代病毒。我们证明了冰川产生的细沉积物具有改变病毒可利用性的潜力，从而改变宿主种群动态。
