Research Center Borstel - Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Division of Innate Immunity, Section of Immunoregulation, Parkallee 22, 23845 Borstel, Germany.
Immunol Lett. 2011 Sep 30;139(1-2):14-24. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.04.010. Epub 2011 Apr 30.
Charles Janeway first wrote 1989 about how important recognition of "certain characteristics or patterns common on infectious agents but absent from the host" would be for our immune response [1]. Surprisingly, it almost took 10 years before his ideas would lead to the revolutionary findings that fundamentally changed the view of the innate immune system over the past decade. Recognition of invading microorganisms belongs to the primary tasks of the innate immune system and is achieved through different families of innate immune sensors. Among these, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs) and Rig-I-like receptors (RLRs) have drawn major interests over the last decade. These receptor families are targeted by overlapping classes of pathogens and share functional domains and signal transduction pathways (see Fig. 1 and Table 1 for an overview of their structural organization, ligands, adaptors and activated pathways). This current view describes our present knowledge about these three main innate immune receptor families and their importance for adaptive immune responses such as asthma and allergy.
查尔斯·杰纳威（Charles Janeway）于 1989 年首次写道，识别“感染性病原体上存在但宿主中不存在的某些特征或模式”对于我们的免疫反应非常重要[1]。令人惊讶的是，几乎过了 10 年，他的观点才导致了过去十年中对先天免疫系统的革命性发现，这些发现从根本上改变了人们对先天免疫系统的看法。识别入侵的微生物属于先天免疫系统的主要任务，通过不同家族的先天免疫传感器来实现。在这些传感器中，Toll 样受体（TLRs）、核苷酸结合域和富含亮氨酸重复序列受体（NLRs）和 Rig-I 样受体（RLRs）在过去十年中引起了广泛关注。这些受体家族被重叠的病原体类群靶向，并且共享功能结构域和信号转导途径（有关它们的结构组织、配体、衔接子和激活途径的概述，请参见图 1 和表 1）。目前的观点描述了我们对这三种主要的先天免疫受体家族及其对哮喘和过敏等适应性免疫反应的重要性的了解。
