Department of Ecological Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology.
Microbes Environ. 2008;23(1):1-12. doi: 10.1264/jsme2.23.1.
A wide variety of haloorganic compounds undergo reductive dehalogenation by certain anaerobic microorganisms. Metabolic reductive dehalogenation is coupled with energy-conserving respiratory electron transport in which a halogenated compound is used as the terminal electron acceptor, the biological process called dehalorespiration or halorespiration. Dehalorespiring bacteria may play important roles in the geochemical cycle with organohalogens in nature and have great promise in their application to the bioremediation of haloorganic contaminants derived from anthropogenic sources. During the past decade, a number of dehalorespiring microorganisms, including a unique group of strictly dehalorespiring bacteria, "Dehalococcoides", have been isolated and characterized at phylogenetic, physiologic, and genetic levels. Also, new perspectives of dehalorespiring bacteria have emerged based on information about genomics and molecular microbial ecology. This review article focuses on up-to-date knowledge of the biodiversity of dehalorespiring bacteria and reductively dehalogenating microbial consortia with special emphasis on those capable of transforming polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins.
各种卤代有机化合物均可被某些厌氧微生物进行还原脱卤。代谢还原脱卤与能量保存的呼吸电子传递偶联，其中卤代化合物被用作末端电子受体，该生物过程被称为脱卤呼吸或卤呼吸。脱卤呼吸细菌可能在自然界中有机卤代物的地球化学循环中发挥重要作用，并在应用于源自人为来源的卤代有机污染物的生物修复方面具有巨大的应用前景。在过去的十年中，许多脱卤呼吸微生物，包括一组独特的严格脱卤呼吸细菌“Dehalococcoides”，已在系统发育、生理和遗传水平上得到分离和表征。此外，基于基因组学和分子微生物生态学方面的信息，脱卤呼吸细菌也出现了新的视角。本文综述了脱卤呼吸细菌的生物多样性以及还原脱卤微生物联合体的最新知识，特别强调了那些能够转化多氯联苯和二恶英的细菌和联合体。
