Center for Neuropsychological Research, Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica/Policlinico Gemelli, Servizio di Neuropsicologia, Policlinico Gemelli, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Neuropsychologia. 2011 Jul;49(9):2273-82. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.04.027. Epub 2011 May 4.
In recent years it has been shown that a disorder in recognizing familiar people can be observed in patients with lesions affecting the anterior parts of the temporal lobes and that these disorders can be multi-modal, simultaneously affecting the visual, auditory and linguistic channels that allow person identification. Several authors have also shown that patients with right anterior temporal atrophy are more impaired in assessing familiarity and in retrieving person-specific semantic information from faces than from names, whereas the opposite pattern of performance can be observed in patients with left temporal lobe atrophy. Voice recognition disorders have been studied much less even despite their clinical and theoretical importance. The aim of the present review, therefore, was to compare recognition of familiar faces and voices, taking into account not only results obtained in individual patients with right anterior temporal lesions, but also those of group studies of unselected right- and left brain-damaged patients and results of experimental investigations conducted on face and voice recognition in normal subjects. Results of the review showed that: (1) voice recognition disorders are mainly due to right temporal lesions, similarly to face recognition disorders; (2) famous voice recognition disorders can be dissociated from unfamiliar voice discrimination impairments; (3) although face and voice recognition disorders tend to co-occur, they can also dissociate and in these patients there is a prevalent involvement of the right fusiform gyrus when face recognition disorders are on the foreground, and of the right superior temporal gyrus when voice recognition disorders are prominent; (4) normal subjects have greater difficulty evaluating familiarity and drawing semantic information from the voices than from the faces of celebrities. These data are at variance with models which assume that familiarity feelings may be generated at the level of person identity nodes (PINs) and that the latter may be considered as modality-free gateways to single semantic systems in which information about people is stored in an amodal format.
近年来的研究表明，在前颞叶受损的患者中可以观察到一种识别熟悉面孔的障碍，这些障碍可以是多模态的，同时影响视觉、听觉和语言通道，从而实现对人的识别。一些作者还表明，右侧前颞叶萎缩的患者在评估熟悉度和从面孔中检索特定于人的语义信息方面比从名字中检索更困难，而左侧颞叶萎缩的患者则可以观察到相反的表现模式。尽管语音识别障碍具有重要的临床和理论意义，但对其的研究却少得多。因此，本综述的目的是比较熟悉面孔和声音的识别，不仅考虑到右侧前颞叶损伤的个别患者的结果，还考虑到对无选择的右和左大脑损伤患者的群体研究的结果以及在正常受试者中进行的面孔和声音识别的实验研究的结果。综述结果表明：（1）与面孔识别障碍一样，语音识别障碍主要是由于右侧颞叶损伤引起的；（2）与不熟悉的语音区分障碍相比，著名的语音识别障碍可以被分离；（3）尽管面孔和语音识别障碍往往同时发生，但它们也可以分离，在这些患者中，当面孔识别障碍占主导地位时，右侧梭状回有明显的受累，而当语音识别障碍明显时，右侧颞上回有明显的受累；（4）正常受试者从名人的声音中评估熟悉度和提取语义信息的难度比从面孔中更大。这些数据与假设熟悉感可能在个人身份节点（PINs）水平上产生，并且后者可以被视为进入单一语义系统的无模态门户的模型不一致，在这些系统中，关于人的信息以非模态格式存储。
