Neuner F, Schweinberger S R
Universität Konstanz and Kliniken am Europakanal, Erlangen, Germany.
Brain Cogn. 2000 Dec;44(3):342-66. doi: 10.1006/brcg.1999.1196.
In order to determine the dissociability of face, voice, and personal name recognition, we studied the performance of 36 brain-lesioned patients and 20 control subjects. Participants performed familiarity decisions for portraits, voice samples, and written names of celebrities and unfamiliar people. In those patients who displayed significant impairments in any of these tests, the specificity of these impairments was tested using corresponding object recognition tests (with pictures of objects, environmental sounds, or written common words as stimuli). The results showed that 58% of the patients were significantly impaired in at least one test of person recognition. Moreover, 28% of the patients showed impairments that appeared to be specific for people (i.e., performance was preserved in the corresponding object recognition test). Three patients showed a deficit that appeared to be confined to the recognition of familiar voices, a pattern that was not described previously. Results were generally consistent with the assumption that impairments in face, voice, and name recognition are dissociable from one another. In contrast, there was no clear evidence for a dissociability between deficits in face and voice naming. The results further suggest that (a) impairments in person recognition after brain lesions may be more common than was thought previously and (b) the patterns of impairment that were observed can be interpreted using current cognitive models of person recognition (Bruce & Young, 1986; Burton, Bruce, & Johnston, 1990).
为了确定面部、声音和人名识别的可分离性，我们研究了36名脑损伤患者和20名对照受试者的表现。参与者对名人和陌生人的画像、声音样本以及姓名进行熟悉度判断。在这些测试中表现出显著损伤的患者，使用相应的物体识别测试（以物体图片、环境声音或书写的常用词作为刺激）来测试这些损伤的特异性。结果显示，58%的患者在至少一项人物识别测试中存在显著损伤。此外，28%的患者表现出似乎对人物具有特异性的损伤（即，在相应的物体识别测试中表现正常）。三名患者表现出一种似乎仅限于熟悉声音识别的缺陷，这种模式此前未被描述过。结果总体上与面部、声音和姓名识别损伤相互可分离的假设一致。相比之下，没有明确证据表明面部和声音命名缺陷之间存在可分离性。结果进一步表明：（a）脑损伤后人物识别损伤可能比之前认为的更为常见；（b）观察到的损伤模式可以用当前的人物识别认知模型（Bruce & Young，1986；Burton，Bruce，& Johnston，1990）来解释。
