Centre for Study of Evolution, University of Sussex, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
Infect Genet Evol. 2011 Aug;11(6):1340-51. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.04.027. Epub 2011 May 6.
We have identified a globally important clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis by deletion analysis of over one thousand strains from over 30 countries. We initially show that over 99% of the strains of M. bovis, the cause of bovine tuberculosis, isolated from cattle in the Republic of Ireland and the UK are closely related and are members of a single clonal complex marked by the deletion of chromosomal region RDEu1 and we named this clonal complex European 1 (Eu1). Eu1 strains were present at less than 14% of French, Portuguese and Spanish isolates of M. bovis but are rare in other mainland European countries and Iran. However, strains of the Eu1 clonal complex were found at high frequency in former trading partners of the UK (USA, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia and Canada). The Americas, with the exception of Brazil, are dominated by the Eu1 clonal complex which was at high frequency in Argentina, Chile, Ecuador and Mexico as well as North America. Eu1 was rare or absent in the African countries surveyed except South Africa. A small sample of strains from Taiwan were non-Eu1 but, surprisingly, isolates from Korea and Kazakhstan were members of the Eu1 clonal complex. The simplest explanation for much of the current distribution of the Eu1 clonal complex is that it was spread in infected cattle, such as Herefords, from the UK to former trading partners, although there is evidence of secondary dispersion since. This is the first identification of a globally dispersed clonal complex M. bovis and indicates that much of the current global distribution of this important veterinary pathogen has resulted from relatively recent International trade in cattle.
我们通过对来自 30 多个国家的 1000 多株菌株进行缺失分析，鉴定出了一个具有全球重要意义的牛分枝杆菌克隆复合体。我们最初表明，在爱尔兰共和国和英国从牛中分离出的牛分枝杆菌（引起牛结核病的病原体）的 99%以上的菌株密切相关，并且是单一克隆复合体的成员，该复合体的特征是缺失染色体区域 RDEu1，我们将该克隆复合体命名为欧洲 1 型（Eu1）。Eu1 菌株在法国、葡萄牙和西班牙分离的牛分枝杆菌菌株中不到 14%，但在其他欧洲大陆国家和伊朗很少见。然而，在英国的前贸易伙伴（美国、南非、新西兰、澳大利亚和加拿大）的 Eu1 克隆复合体菌株中发现了高频率。除巴西外，美洲地区主要由 Eu1 克隆复合体主导，该克隆复合体在阿根廷、智利、厄瓜多尔和墨西哥以及北美地区的频率很高。除南非外，调查的非洲国家中 Eu1 很少见或不存在。来自台湾的一小部分菌株不是 Eu1，但令人惊讶的是，来自韩国和哈萨克斯坦的菌株是 Eu1 克隆复合体的成员。Eu1 目前在很大程度上分布的最简单解释是，它是在受感染的牛（如赫里福德牛）中从英国传播到前贸易伙伴的，尽管有证据表明自那以后发生了二次传播。这是首次鉴定出具有全球分布的牛分枝杆菌克隆复合体，表明这种重要的兽医病原体目前在全球的大部分分布是由于最近在牛的国际贸易。
