Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, Michigan, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2011 Oct;89(10):3286-99. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3611. Epub 2011 May 13.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the dietary effects of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with either inorganic or organic trace mineral sources on air emissions. Three diets were compared: a corn- and soybean meal-based control diet (Con), a diet containing 20% DDGS with inorganic trace mineral sources (20In), and a diet containing 20% DDGS with organic trace mineral sources (20Org). Groups of 6 pigs were allocated randomly to 1 of 12 environmentally controlled rooms for a 98-d experiment. A total of 72 pigs were blocked into 3 light and 3 heavy BW groups to minimize BW variation. Average initial BW for the light and heavy blocks were 22.6 kg and 27.0 kg, respectively. Concentrations and airflow of NH₃, H₂S, N₂O, CH(4), CO₂, and nonmethane total hydrocarbons (NMTHC) were measured in the exhaust air from each room. Body weight gain (94 kg per pig; P = 0.36) and G:F (0.39; P = 0.79) were not different as a result of diet, although a reduced feed intake was observed in pigs offered 20Org (P < 0.05). Total daily H₂S emission mass was greater (P = 0.03) in rooms where the 20In diet was offered (462.26 mg) compared with rooms where the Con (354.62 mg) and 20Org (323.10 mg) diets were offered. No dietary effect (P = 0.47) was observed when H₂S emissions were adjusted for S consumption (14.38 mg of H₂S emitted daily per gram of S consumed). Compared with NH₃ emitted on the Con diet, the daily mass of NH₃ emitted decreased by 7.6% when pigs were fed 20In and increased by 11.0% in rooms where the 20Org was fed (P < 0.05). On a N consumption basis, feeding swine 20In significantly reduced NH₃ emissions compared with 20Org and Con, whereas NH₃ emissions from pigs fed 20Org were significantly greater than emissions from pigs fed the Con diet (P < 0.01). The NH₃ emission mass from rooms offered the Con, 20In, and 20Org diets was 120.1, 109.8, and 142.8 mg/g of N consumed/d, respectively (P < 0.01). Feeding DDGS with either inorganic or organic trace mineral sources increased the daily emission masses of CH₄ and NMTHC (P < 0.01), but not N₂O emissions. Plasma urea N (P = 0.64), albumin (P = 0.39), globulin (P = 0.75), and total bilirubin concentrations (P = 0.82) were not different between diet groups. Results demonstrated that DDGS will increase H₂S, CH₄, NH₃, and NMTHC emissions from pigs, but organic sources of trace minerals are a promising mitigation strategy to alleviate the adverse effect of DDGS on H₂S emissions.
本研究的目的是评估含有无机或有机微量元素来源的酒糟及其可溶物（DDGS）的饮食对空气排放的影响。比较了三种饮食：基于玉米和豆粕的对照饮食（Con）、含 20% DDGS 及无机微量元素来源的饮食（20In）和含 20% DDGS 及有机微量元素来源的饮食（20Org）。将 6 头猪随机分配到 12 个环境控制室内的 1 个，进行 98 天的实验。总共 72 头猪被分为 3 个轻体重组和 3 个重体重组，以尽量减少体重差异。轻体重和重体重组的平均初始体重分别为 22.6 千克和 27.0 千克。从每个房间的废气中测量 NH₃、H₂S、N₂O、CH（4）、CO₂和非甲烷总碳氢化合物（NMTHC）的浓度和气流。由于饮食，体重增加（每头猪 94 千克；P = 0.36）和饲料效率（0.39；P = 0.79）没有差异，但 20Org 组的采食量减少（P < 0.05）。与提供 Con 饮食的房间（354.62 毫克）相比，提供 20In 饮食的房间（462.26 毫克）的总日 H₂S 排放质量更大（P = 0.03）。当 H₂S 排放量根据 S 摄入量进行调整（每天每克 S 消耗 14.38 毫克 H₂S）时，饮食没有影响（P = 0.47）。与 Con 饮食中排放的 NH₃相比，当猪饲喂 20In 时，每天排放的 NH₃质量减少了 7.6%，而饲喂 20Org 时则增加了 11.0%（P < 0.05）。基于 N 消耗，与 20Org 和 Con 相比，饲喂猪 20In 可显著减少 NH₃排放，而饲喂 20Org 的猪的 NH₃排放显著高于饲喂 Con 饮食的猪（P < 0.01）。饲喂 Con、20In 和 20Org 饮食的猪的 NH₃排放质量分别为 120.1、109.8 和 142.8mg/g N 消耗/d（P < 0.01）。饲喂含有无机或有机微量元素来源的 DDGS 会增加 CH₄和 NMTHC 的日排放量（P < 0.01），但不会增加 N₂O 的排放量。血浆尿素氮（P = 0.64）、白蛋白（P = 0.39）、球蛋白（P = 0.75）和总胆红素浓度（P = 0.82）在饮食组之间没有差异。结果表明，DDGS 将增加猪的 H₂S、CH₄、NH₃ 和 NMTHC 排放，但有机微量元素来源是缓解 DDGS 对 H₂S 排放不利影响的有希望的缓解策略。
