Martena M J, Grutters M M P, De Groot H N, Konings E J M, Rietjens I M C M
a Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (VWA) , PO Box 2168 , NL-5600 CD Eindhoven , the Netherlands.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2011;28(7):925-42. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2011.569573. Epub 2011 May 13.
Food supplements can contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has defined 16 priority PAH that are both genotoxic and carcinogenic and identified eight priority PAH (PAH8) or four of these (PAH4) as good indicators of the toxicity and occurrence of PAH in food. The current study aimed to determine benzo[a]pyrene and other EFSA priority PAH in different categories of food supplements containing botanicals and other ingredients. From 2003 to 2008, benzo[a]pyrene exceeded the limit of quantification (LOQ) in 553 (44%) of 1258 supplements with a lower-bound mean of 3.37 µg kg(-1). In 2008 and 2009, benzo[a]pyrene and 12 other EFSA priority PAH were determined in 333 food supplements. Benzo[a]pyrene exceeded the LOQ in 210 (63%) food supplements with a lower-bound mean of 5.26 µg kg(-1). Lower-bound mean levels for PAH4 and PAH8(-indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene) were 33.5 and 40.5 µg kg(-1), respectively. Supplements containing resveratrol, Ginkgo biloba, St. John's wort and propolis showed relatively high PAH4 levels in 2008 and 2009. Before 2008, supplements with these ingredients and also dong quai, green tea or valerian contained relatively high benzo[a]pyrene levels. On average, PAH4 intake resulting from food supplement use will be at the lower end of the range of contributions of main food groups to PAH4 exposure, although individual food supplements can contribute significantly to PAH4 exposure. Regular control of EFSA indicator PAH levels in food supplements may prove a way forward to reduce further the intake of PAH from food.
食品补充剂可能含有多环芳烃（PAH）。欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）已确定了16种具有基因毒性和致癌性的优先PAH，并将其中8种优先PAH（PAH8）或其中4种（PAH4）确定为食品中PAH毒性和存在情况的良好指标。本研究旨在测定含有植物成分和其他成分的不同类别食品补充剂中的苯并[a]芘及其他EFSA优先PAH。2003年至2008年，在1258种补充剂中，有553种（44%）的苯并[a]芘超过了定量限（LOQ），下限平均值为3.37微克/千克（-1）。2008年和2009年，在333种食品补充剂中测定了苯并[a]芘和其他12种EFSA优先PAH。210种（63%）食品补充剂中的苯并[a]芘超过了LOQ，下限平均值为5.26微克/千克（-1）。PAH4和PAH8（-茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘）的下限平均水平分别为33.5和40.5微克/千克（-1）。2008年和2009年，含有白藜芦醇、银杏、圣约翰草和蜂胶的补充剂显示出相对较高的PAH4水平。2008年之前，含有这些成分以及当归、绿茶或缬草的补充剂含有相对较高的苯并[a]芘水平。平均而言，尽管个别食品补充剂可能会对PAH4暴露有显著贡献，但通过食用食品补充剂导致的PAH4摄入量将处于主要食物组对PAH4暴露贡献范围的下限。定期控制食品补充剂中EFSA指标PAH水平可能是进一步减少食物中PAH摄入量的一种方法。
