骨中的晶体形成途径。

Crystallization pathways in bone.

机构信息

Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

出版信息

Cells Tissues Organs. 2011;194(2-4):92-7. doi: 10.1159/000324229. Epub 2011 May 13.

Abstract

Many biomineralization processes involve the sequestering of ions by cells and their translocation through the cells to the final deposition site. In many invertebrate crystallization pathways the cells deposit an initial highly disordered mineral phase with intracellular vesicles, and this mineral is subsequently transported into the final deposition site outside the cell. As this initial mineral phase is metastable, it can easily dissolve or crystallize during sample preparation and examination. A cryogenic electron microscopy study of the forming fin bone of a zebra fish strain with continuously growing fins shows that the cells responsible for bone tissue formation do have mineral-bearing intracellular vesicles and that the mineral phase is a highly disordered calcium phosphate. We also show that globules of disordered calcium phosphate are present in the extracellular collageneous matrix and that they are not membrane bound. Close to the mineralization front these globules appear to penetrate into the collagen fibrils where they crystallize to form mature bone. This crystallization pathway is similar to pathways observed in invertebrates, and it differs from the matrix vesicle pathway documented for a variety of vertebrate mineralizing tissues as the extracellular mineral globules are not membrane bound.

摘要

许多生物矿化过程涉及细胞对离子的隔离及其通过细胞向最终沉积部位的转运。在许多无脊椎动物的结晶途径中,细胞在细胞内小泡中沉积初始高度无序的矿物相,然后将这种矿物运送到细胞外的最终沉积部位。由于初始矿物相是亚稳的,因此在样品制备和检查过程中很容易溶解或结晶。对具有连续生长鳍的斑马鱼品系形成鳍骨的低温电子显微镜研究表明,负责骨组织形成的细胞确实具有含矿物的细胞内小泡,并且矿物相是高度无序的磷酸钙。我们还表明,无序磷酸钙的小球存在于细胞外的胶原基质中,并且它们没有膜结合。在靠近矿化前沿的地方,这些小球似乎渗透到胶原原纤维中,在那里它们结晶形成成熟的骨。这种结晶途径类似于在无脊椎动物中观察到的途径,并且与为各种脊椎动物矿化组织记录的基质小泡途径不同,因为细胞外的矿物小球没有膜结合。

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