Winther B, Gwaltney J M, Hendley J O
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Apr;141(4 Pt 1):839-45. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/141.4_Pt_1.839.
The effect on nasal epithelial cells in monolayer cultures of infection with rhinovirus, coronavirus 229E, influenza type A, and adenovirus was studied. Fragments (1 x 2 mm) of epithelium with adherent submucosa from nasal polyps, adenoids, or nasal turbinates were cultured in plastic dishes with media containing a serum supplement. Within a week a monolayer of epithelial cells with interspersed ciliated cells surrounded each fragment. Epithelial monolayers were exposed to 10(3) to 10(4) TCID50/ml of each virus; unattached virus was removed after 3 h. Replication of virus was examined by doing viral titrations of the media daily, and ciliated and nonciliated epithelial cells in the monolayer were examined morphologically with an inverted microscope. The peak titer of rhinovirus and coronavirus occurred 24 to 48 h after inoculation, indicating that viral replication was occurring. However, no detectable damage or cytopathic effect (CPE) developed in the monolayer of epithelial cells when compared with that in uninfected control cells. In contrast, infection of epithelial monolayers with influenza or adenovirus resulted in CPE and destruction of the monolayer. The marked difference in the effect of these respiratory viruses on nasal epithelial cells may reflect similar differences in their effect on respiratory tract mucosa in the intact host. If so, the pathogenesis of symptom production during rhinovirus and coronavirus infections must be by mechanisms other than destruction of the nasal lining.
研究了鼻病毒、229E冠状病毒、甲型流感病毒和腺病毒感染对单层培养的鼻上皮细胞的影响。取自鼻息肉、腺样体或鼻甲的带有附着黏膜下层的上皮碎片（1×2毫米）在含有血清补充剂的培养基的塑料培养皿中培养。一周内，每个碎片周围形成了一层含有散在纤毛细胞的上皮细胞单层。上皮单层暴露于每种病毒10³至10⁴ TCID50/ml；3小时后去除未附着的病毒。通过每天对培养基进行病毒滴定来检测病毒复制，并使用倒置显微镜对单层中的纤毛和非纤毛上皮细胞进行形态学检查。鼻病毒和冠状病毒的滴度峰值在接种后24至48小时出现，表明病毒正在复制。然而，与未感染的对照细胞相比，上皮细胞单层中未出现可检测到的损伤或细胞病变效应（CPE）。相比之下，流感病毒或腺病毒感染上皮单层会导致CPE和单层破坏。这些呼吸道病毒对鼻上皮细胞的影响存在显著差异，这可能反映了它们对完整宿主呼吸道黏膜影响的类似差异。如果是这样，鼻病毒和冠状病毒感染期间症状产生的发病机制必定是通过除破坏鼻黏膜以外的其他机制。
