基于识别的推理在多项选择决策中的相对成功。

The relative success of recognition-based inference in multichoice decisions.

机构信息

Department of Psychology, University of Reading.

出版信息

Cogn Sci. 2008 Sep;32(6):1037-48. doi: 10.1080/03640210802152319.

Abstract

The utility of an "ecologically rational" recognition-based decision rule in multichoice decision problems is analyzed, varying the type of judgment required (greater or lesser). The maximum size and range of a counterintuitive advantage associated with recognition-based judgment (the "less-is-more effect") is identified for a range of cue validity values. Greater ranges of the less-is-more effect occur when participants are asked which is the greatest of m choices (m > 2) than which is the least. Less-is-more effects also have greater range for larger values of m. This implies that the classic two-alternative forced choice task, as studied by Goldstein and Gigerenzer (2002), may not be the most appropriate test case for less-is-more effects.

摘要

分析了基于识别的决策规则在多项选择决策问题中的效用，同时考虑了所需判断的类型（较大或较小）。针对一系列线索有效性值，确定了与基于识别的判断相关的反直觉优势（“少即是多效应”）的最大大小和范围。当参与者被要求从 m 个选择中选出最大的一个（m > 2）时，与选出最小的一个相比，“少即是多效应”的范围更大。当 m 的值较大时，“少即是多效应”的范围也更大。这意味着，像 Goldstein 和 Gigerenzer（2002）所研究的经典二选一强制选择任务，可能不是“少即是多效应”的最合适测试案例。