Cleveland Clinic, Center for Human Nutrition, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
Nutr Clin Pract. 2011 Jun;26(3):242-52. doi: 10.1177/0884533611405795.
Malnutrition is common both before and after stroke, with dysphagia adding to nutrition risk. Many patients require specialized nutrition support in the acute phase and beyond when swallowing function does not improve or return to allow for nutrition autonomy. When neurologic deficits improve, assessment of the swallowing function, introduction of dysphagia diets, and specialized swallowing techniques are used to transition away from enteral feeding tubes to oral diets. This article reviews the evaluation and treatment of dysphagia, use of specialized nutrition support, strategies for weaning enteral tube feedings, and the impact of nutrition on quality of life in the stroke patient population.
营养不良在中风前后都很常见，吞咽困难会增加营养风险。许多患者在急性发作期间和吞咽功能没有改善或恢复以允许营养自主时需要专门的营养支持。当神经功能缺陷改善时，会评估吞咽功能，引入吞咽困难饮食，并使用专门的吞咽技术，从肠内喂养管过渡到口服饮食。本文综述了吞咽困难的评估和治疗、专门营养支持的使用、肠内喂养管喂养的脱机策略以及营养对中风患者生活质量的影响。
