Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
Pharm Biol. 2011 Sep;49(9):920-6. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2011.556650. Epub 2011 May 19.
Tanacetum parthenium Schultz Bip. (Asteraceae) is an aromatic perennial plant, widely distributed in the northern hemisphere. This species traditionally has been used in insecticides, cosmetics, balsams, dyes, medicines and preservatives.
The essential oil of T. parthenium was obtained by hydrodistillation in three developmental stages and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activity of the oils was investigated against four Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria. The oil was tested for cytotoxicity against THP-1 cells using the Trypan blue assay.
Twenty-nine components were identified in the essential oil; the highest amount was extracted at the flowering stage. The main component, in the flowering stage, was camphor (18.94%) and other major components were bornyl acetate (18.35%), camphene (13.74%), bornyl isovalerate (3.15%), borneol (10.93%), juniper camphor (6.23%) and β-eudesmol (2.65%). Minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oil was evaluated from 4 µL mL(-1) against Staphylococcus subtilis to 38 µL mL(-1) against Entrobacter aerogenes. Toxicity assay showed that the oil has no significant toxicity at 5-15% v/v concentrations on THP-1 cells.
This study demonstrates the occurrence of camphor/bornyl acetate chemotype of T. parthenium in western regions of Iran. The finding showed also the studied oils have relatively good antibacterial activity without significant toxicity, thus have great potentiality to be used as natural health product.
豚草（菊科）是一种芳香的多年生植物，广泛分布于北半球。该物种传统上被用于杀虫剂、化妆品、香脂、染料、药物和防腐剂。
通过水蒸馏法从三个发育阶段获得豚草的精油，并通过气相色谱-质谱法进行分析。研究了油对四种革兰氏阳性菌和四种革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性。用台盼蓝法检测油对 THP-1 细胞的细胞毒性。
鉴定出精油中的 29 种成分；在开花阶段提取的量最高。在开花阶段，主要成分是樟脑（18.94%），其他主要成分是乙酸龙脑酯（18.35%）、莰烯（13.74%）、异丁酸龙脑酯（3.15%）、龙脑（10.93%）、杜松醇（6.23%）和β-桉叶醇（2.65%）。精油的最低抑菌浓度从 4 µL mL(-1) 对枯草芽孢杆菌到 38 µL mL(-1) 对产气肠杆菌。毒性试验表明，在 5-15%v/v 浓度下，油对 THP-1 细胞没有明显毒性。
本研究表明，伊朗西部地区存在豚草的樟脑/乙酸龙脑酯化学型。研究结果还表明，所研究的油具有相对较好的抗菌活性，且无明显毒性，因此具有很大的潜力可作为天然保健品使用。
