Dutilh Gilles, Krypotos Angelos-Miltiadis, Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Exp Psychol. 2011;58(6):434-42. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000111.
When people repeatedly practice the same cognitive task, their response times (RT) invariably decrease. Dutilh, Vandekerckhove, Tuerlinckx, and Wagenmakers (2009) argued that the traditional focus on how mean RT decreases with practice offers limited insight; their diffusion model analysis showed that the effect of practice is multifaceted, involving an increase in rate of information processing, a decrease in response caution, adjusted response bias, and, unexpectedly, a strong decrease in nondecision time. In this study, we aim to further disentangle these effects into stimulus-specific and task-related components. The data of a transfer experiment, in which repeatedly presented sets and new sets of stimuli were alternated, show that the practice effects on both speed of information processing and time needed for peripheral processing are partly task-related and partly stimulus-specific. The effects on response caution and response bias appear to be task-related. This diffusion model decomposition provides a perspective on practice that is more detailed and more informative than the traditional analysis of mean RT.
当人们反复练习相同的认知任务时，他们的反应时间（RT）总是会减少。杜蒂尔、万德克霍夫、图尔林克斯和瓦根梅克斯（2009年）认为，传统上关注平均反应时间如何随练习而减少的做法提供的见解有限；他们的扩散模型分析表明，练习的效果是多方面的，包括信息处理速度的提高、反应谨慎程度的降低、调整后的反应偏差，以及出乎意料的非决策时间的大幅减少。在本研究中，我们旨在进一步将这些影响分解为特定刺激和与任务相关的成分。一项转移实验的数据表明，在该实验中，反复呈现的刺激集和新的刺激集交替出现，练习对信息处理速度和外周处理所需时间的影响部分与任务相关，部分与特定刺激有关。对反应谨慎程度和反应偏差的影响似乎与任务相关。这种扩散模型分解提供了一个比传统平均反应时间分析更详细、更具信息量的练习视角。
