Marini Maddalena, Iani Cristina, Nicoletti Roberto, Rubichi Sandro
Dipartimento di Comunicazione e Economia, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Exp Psychol. 2011;58(6):473-9. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000115.
Responses to a relevant stimulus dimension are faster and more accurate when the stimulus and response spatially correspond compared to when they do not, even though stimulus position is irrelevant (Simon effect). It has been demonstrated that practicing with an incompatible spatial stimulus-response (S-R) mapping before performing a Simon task can eliminate this effect. In the present study we assessed whether a learned spatially incompatible S-R mapping can be transferred to a nonspatial conflict task, hence supporting the view that transfer effects are due to acquisition of a general "respond to the opposite stimulus value" rule. To this aim, we ran two experiments in which participants performed a spatial compatibility task with either a compatible or an incompatible mapping and then transferred, after a 5 min delay, to a color Stroop task. In Experiment 1, responses were executed by pressing one of two keys on the keyboard in both practice and transfer tasks. In Experiment 2, responses were manual in the practice task and vocal in the transfer task. The spatially incompatible practice significantly reduced the color Stroop effect only when responses were manual in both tasks. These results suggest that during practice participants develop a response-selection strategy of emitting the alternative spatial response.
当刺激与反应在空间上相对应时，相较于两者不对应时，对相关刺激维度的反应会更快且更准确，即便刺激位置无关紧要（西蒙效应）。已有研究表明，在执行西蒙任务之前，先练习使用不兼容的空间刺激 - 反应（S - R）映射，能够消除这种效应。在本研究中，我们评估了一种习得的空间不兼容S - R映射是否能够迁移至非空间冲突任务，从而支持这样一种观点，即迁移效应是由于获取了一条通用的“对相反刺激值做出反应”规则。为此，我们进行了两项实验，在实验中，参与者先执行一项具有兼容或不兼容映射的空间兼容性任务，然后在延迟5分钟后，转而执行一项颜色斯特鲁普任务。在实验1中，无论是在练习任务还是在迁移任务中，参与者都通过按下键盘上的两个键之一来做出反应。在实验2中，练习任务中的反应是手动的，而迁移任务中的反应是口头的。只有当两项任务中的反应都是手动时，空间不兼容练习才会显著降低颜色斯特鲁普效应。这些结果表明，在练习过程中，参与者形成了一种发出替代空间反应的反应选择策略。
