Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit, University of Paris XIII, Bobigny, France.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jul;94(1):278-86. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006320. Epub 2011 May 18.
Rapid aging of the population worldwide necessitates a heightened concern about preventing cognitive decline.
We investigated the effects of B vitamins and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation on cognition in a high-risk population.
This was an ancillary study of the SU.FOL.OM3 (SUpplementation with FOLate, vitamins B-6 and B-12 and/or OMega-3 fatty acids) secondary prevention trial conducted in France between 2003 and 2009. The present sample included 1748 men and women aged 45-80 y with a history of myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or ischemic stroke and who were recruited via a network of 417 physicians. With the use of block randomization with stratification by sex, age, prior cardiovascular disease, and city of residence, participants were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial design to 1 of 4 groups: 1) 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (folate, 0.56 mg) and vitamins B-6 (3 mg) and B-12 (0.02 mg), 2) eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (600 mg) in a 2:1 ratio, 3) B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids, or 4) placebo. Cognitive function after 4 y of supplementation was assessed with the French version of the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status.
No significant main effects of group assignment on cognitive function were found; however, we found some evidence of disease history- and age-specific effects. In the subgroup with prior stroke, for example, participants assigned to receive B vitamins plus omega-3 fatty acids were significantly less likely to have a decreased score on the temporal orientation task than were those assigned to receive placebo (odds ratio: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.86).
If present, dietary effects on cognition are likely group-specific. These results could be useful in interventions aimed at preventing cognitive decline in high-risk individuals. This trial is registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN41926726.
全球人口老龄化速度加快，这使得人们更加关注预防认知能力下降。
我们研究了补充 B 族维生素和欧米伽-3（n-3）脂肪酸对高危人群认知功能的影响。
这是法国在 2003 年至 2009 年间进行的 SU.FOL.OM3（补充叶酸、维生素 B-6 和 B-12 和/或欧米伽-3 脂肪酸）二级预防试验的一项辅助研究。本研究样本包括 1748 名年龄在 45-80 岁之间的男性和女性，他们有心肌梗死、不稳定型心绞痛或缺血性卒中病史，通过 417 名医生的网络招募而来。采用按性别、年龄、既往心血管疾病和居住城市分层的区组随机化方法，将参与者按照 2×2 析因设计分配至 4 组中的 1 组：1）5-甲基四氢叶酸（叶酸，0.56mg）和维生素 B-6（3mg）和 B-12（0.02mg）；2）二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸（600mg）以 2:1 的比例；3）B 族维生素和欧米伽-3 脂肪酸；4）安慰剂。补充 4 年后，采用法国改良电话认知状态检查评估认知功能。
未发现组间分配对认知功能有显著的主要影响；然而，我们发现了一些与疾病史和年龄相关的影响的证据。例如，在既往有卒中的亚组中，与接受安慰剂的参与者相比，接受 B 族维生素加欧米伽-3 脂肪酸治疗的参与者在时间定向任务上的评分下降幅度显著更小（比值比：0.43；95%置信区间：0.21，0.86）。
如果存在的话，饮食对认知的影响可能是特定于组别的。这些结果可能对预防高危人群认知能力下降的干预措施有用。本试验在 controlled-trials.com 上注册，注册号为 ISRCTN41926726。
