Kliche T, Post M, Pfitzner R, Plaumann M, Dubben S, Nöcker G, Walter U
Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut und Poliklinik für Medizinische Psychologie, 20246 Hamburg.
Gesundheitswesen. 2012 Apr;74(4):240-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1275710. Epub 2011 May 18.
This expert survey analyzed the application and perceived usefulness of knowledge transfer methods for disease prevention and health promotion research.
302 experts from 70 administratively distinct projects sponsored under the German federal prevention research program received a questionnaire on transfer methods used for preparation, dissemination and implementation of their project results and the perceived expediency of these methods. 130 experts (43%) from 59 projects (84.3%) responded. 40% were cooperation partners from health care suppliers or practitioners, and 60% worked in research institutions. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used for data analysis.
The experts had wide range of transfer methods at their disposal. The main implementation barriers were scarce funding and the complexity of disease prevention and health promotion programs. The predominant channels of dissemination were scientific media (congresses, journals) and the Internet. Manuals and handouts were the most common methods of processing of research results for facilitators. Regarding implementation, two-thirds of the projects conducted user training, integrated experts in program development, and co-operated with important institutions. Most of the transfer methods implemented were perceived as useful, but some rated as useful were rarely used, e. g. health economics and quality assurance in wide-scale rollout. There were no substantial rating differences between experts from research and user institutions.
In view of the fundaments for the broad application of knowledge transfer technologies laid by prevention scientists, health care suppliers and decision-makers should support the transfer of prevention research, and precendence should be given to evidence-based programs with quality assurance in the implementation stages. Prevention researchers, in turn, should further develop health economics evidence and quality assurance for effective interventions. The rich skills available for knowledge transfer in disease prevention and health promotion can be systematically developed and disseminated in the future.
本专家调查分析了疾病预防与健康促进研究中知识转移方法的应用及感知有用性。
来自德国联邦预防研究计划资助的70个行政上不同项目的302名专家收到了一份关于用于其项目成果准备、传播和实施的转移方法以及这些方法的感知便利性的问卷。来自59个项目（84.3%）的130名专家（43%）做出了回应。40%是来自医疗保健供应商或从业者的合作方，60%在研究机构工作。采用描述性统计和方差分析进行数据分析。
专家们可使用多种转移方法。主要实施障碍是资金短缺以及疾病预防和健康促进项目的复杂性。主要传播渠道是科学媒体（会议、期刊）和互联网。手册和讲义是向促进者传达研究结果最常用的方法。在实施方面，三分之二的项目开展了用户培训、在项目开发中整合了专家并与重要机构合作。实施的大多数转移方法被认为是有用的，但一些被评为有用的方法很少使用，例如大规模推广中的健康经济学和质量保证。研究机构和用户机构的专家之间在评分上没有实质性差异。
鉴于预防科学家、医疗保健供应商和决策者为广泛应用知识转移技术奠定了基础，医疗保健供应商和决策者应支持预防研究的转移，并在实施阶段优先考虑有质量保证的循证项目。反过来，预防研究人员应进一步发展健康经济学证据和有效干预措施的质量保证。疾病预防和健康促进中可用于知识转移的丰富技能未来可以得到系统开发和传播。
