如果数据与理论相悖，那就摒弃这些数据：《2010 年美国外科医生报告》中的尼古丁成瘾。
If the data contradict the theory, throw out the data: Nicotine addiction in the 2010 report of the Surgeon General.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
出版信息
Harm Reduct J. 2011 May 19;8:12. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-8-12.
The reports of US Surgeon General on smoking are considered the authoritative statement on the scientific state of the art in this field. The previous report on nicotine addiction published in 1988 is one of the most cited references in scientific articles on smoking and often the only citation provided for specific statements of facts regarding nicotine addiction. In this commentary we review the chapter on nicotine addiction presented in the recent report of the Surgeon General. We show that the nicotine addiction model presented in this chapter, which closely resembles its 22 years old predecessor, could only be sustained by systematically ignoring all contradictory evidence. As a result, the present SG's chapter on nicotine addiction, which purportedly "documents how nicotine compares with heroin and cocaine in its hold on users and its effects on the brain," is remarkably biased and misleading.
美国外科医生总署发布的关于吸烟问题的报告被视为该领域内科学技术的权威声明。1988 年发布的关于尼古丁成瘾的报告是所有关于吸烟的科学文章中被引用最多的参考文献之一，并且经常是针对尼古丁成瘾的具体事实陈述唯一的引用来源。在这篇评论中，我们回顾了最近发布的外科医生总署报告中关于尼古丁成瘾的章节。我们表明，该章节中呈现的尼古丁成瘾模式与 22 年前的版本非常相似，只能通过系统地忽略所有矛盾的证据来维持。因此，这份外科医生总署的报告中关于尼古丁成瘾的章节，声称“记录了尼古丁对使用者的影响及其对大脑的作用如何与海洛因和可卡因相媲美”，是显著有偏见和误导性的。
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