Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Science. 2011 Jun 17;332(6036):1446-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1201574. Epub 2011 May 19.
Gossip is a form of affective information about who is friend and who is foe. We show that gossip does not influence only how a face is evaluated--it affects whether a face is seen in the first place. In two experiments, neutral faces were paired with negative, positive, or neutral gossip and were then presented alone in a binocular rivalry paradigm (faces were presented to one eye, houses to the other). In both studies, faces previously paired with negative (but not positive or neutral) gossip dominated longer in visual consciousness. These findings demonstrate that gossip, as a potent form of social affective learning, can influence vision in a completely top-down manner, independent of the basic structural features of a face.
八卦是一种关于谁是朋友、谁是敌人的情感信息。我们表明，八卦不仅影响人们对一张脸的评价方式，还会影响人们是否会首先看到这张脸。在两项实验中，我们将中性面孔与负面、正面或中性八卦配对，然后在双眼竞争范式中单独呈现（面孔呈现给一只眼睛，房子呈现给另一只眼睛）。在这两项研究中，先前与负面八卦（而非正面或中性八卦）配对的面孔在视觉意识中占据主导地位的时间更长。这些发现表明，八卦作为一种强大的社交情感学习形式，可以以完全自上而下的方式影响视觉，而不受面孔基本结构特征的影响。
