Muñoz-Antoli C, Pavón A, Marcilla A, Toledo R, Esteban J G
Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain.
Trop Biomed. 2011 Apr;28(1):40-7.
A cross-sectional study of cryptosporidiosis was carried out in Nicaragua. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was determined in 272 (110 boys and 162 girls) schoolchildren, aged between 4 to 15 years from department of Rio San Juan. The total percentage obtained for Cryptosporidium (35.7%) was one of the highest reported so far. Cryptosporidium appeared in 94.8% of multiparasitism cases. No significant statistical differences were detected in the cryptosporidiosis prevalence between loose/watery (22.2%) and soft/formed (36.7%) stool samples. No significant age and sex differences were observed. This is the first report to identify Cryptosporidium in Nicaragua at species level, providing a preliminary molecular characterization of all positive samples, such as Cryptosporidium parvum (genotype 2). The high prevalence of C. parvum suggests that animals may be potential sources of infection for human cryptosporidiosis, although C. parvum infections may have originated from humans themselves. The human health problem caused by Cryptosporidium in this region may be related to the poor human hygiene/sanitation and contamination of the environment, food, or water supplies. Continuous exposure to the parasite could have been protective against development of symptoms in the children examined.
在尼加拉瓜开展了一项隐孢子虫病横断面研究。对来自圣胡安河省272名（110名男孩和162名女孩）4至15岁的学童进行了隐孢子虫感染率测定。隐孢子虫的总体感染率（35.7%）是迄今为止报告的最高感染率之一。隐孢子虫出现在94.8%的多重寄生虫感染病例中。在稀便/水样便（22.2%）和软便/成形便（36.7%）样本的隐孢子虫病感染率方面未检测到显著统计学差异。未观察到显著的年龄和性别差异。这是在尼加拉瓜首次在物种水平鉴定出隐孢子虫的报告，对所有阳性样本进行了初步分子特征分析，如微小隐孢子虫（基因型2）。微小隐孢子虫的高感染率表明动物可能是人类隐孢子虫病的潜在感染源，尽管微小隐孢子虫感染可能源于人类自身。该地区由隐孢子虫引起的人类健康问题可能与人类卫生/环境卫生差以及环境、食物或供水污染有关。持续接触该寄生虫可能对接受检查的儿童出现症状起到了保护作用。
