Riker Adam I, Zea Nicolas, Trinh Tan
Ochsner Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA.
Ochsner J. 2010 Summer;10(2):56-65.
We are seeing a record number of newly diagnosed skin cancers worldwide, with the incidence of melanoma increasing at a faster rate than almost all other cancers. As clinicians, we will have, by far, the greatest impact on reducing this incidence through better methods of early detection of melanoma and proven prevention methods and techniques. The medical community must enhance its efforts to increase its training of new health care personnel who are capable of diagnosing and treating this record number of patients with skin cancer. We must also try to increase the access to our limited number of dermatologists and provide novel ways of patient education such as through skin self-examinations, total body photography, and improved education for our children. By providing easier access to skin examinations, we will increase our chances of detecting melanoma in its earliest and most curable form. The dangers of indoor tanning beds and salons must be transparent to those that use them, focusing on expanding the oversight of such facilities by our local and federal governmental agencies while establishing legislation in several states to further limit their use to our youth, who are especially at high risk for developing melanoma in the future. This review will focus on the epidemiology, prevention, and detection of melanoma.
全球新诊断出的皮肤癌病例数创下纪录，黑色素瘤的发病率增长速度比几乎所有其他癌症都要快。作为临床医生，通过更好的黑色素瘤早期检测方法以及经过验证的预防方法和技术，我们将对降低这一发病率产生迄今为止最大的影响。医学界必须加大力度，增加对能够诊断和治疗这一创纪录数量皮肤癌患者的新医护人员的培训。我们还必须努力增加人们接触数量有限的皮肤科医生的机会，并提供新颖的患者教育方式，比如通过皮肤自我检查、全身摄影以及加强对儿童的教育。通过提供更便捷的皮肤检查途径，我们将增加以最早且最可治愈的形式检测出黑色素瘤的机会。室内晒黑床和沙龙的危害必须让使用者清楚了解，重点是扩大地方和联邦政府机构对此类场所的监管，同时在多个州制定立法，进一步限制青少年使用，因为他们未来患黑色素瘤的风险尤其高。本综述将聚焦于黑色素瘤的流行病学、预防和检测。
