School of Education and Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2011 Jul;47(4):1090-107. doi: 10.1037/a0023769.
Why do some adolescents respond to interpersonal conflicts vengefully, whereas others seek more positive solutions? Three studies investigated the role of implicit theories of personality in predicting violent or vengeful responses to peer conflicts among adolescents in Grades 9 and 10. They showed that a greater belief that traits are fixed (an entity theory) predicted a stronger desire for revenge after a variety of recalled peer conflicts (Study 1) and after a hypothetical conflict that specifically involved bullying (Study 2). Study 3 experimentally induced a belief in the potential for change (an incremental theory), which resulted in a reduced desire to seek revenge. This effect was mediated by changes in bad-person attributions about the perpetrators, feelings of shame and hatred, and the belief that vengeful ideation is an effective emotion-regulation strategy. Together, the findings illuminate the social-cognitive processes underlying reactions to conflict and suggest potential avenues for reducing violent retaliation in adolescents.
为什么有些青少年会以报复的方式应对人际冲突，而有些则会寻求更积极的解决方案？三项研究调查了人格内隐理论在预测 9 年级和 10 年级青少年对同伴冲突的暴力或报复反应中的作用。研究表明，一种更强烈的信念，即特质是固定的（实体理论），预测了在各种回忆起的同伴冲突（研究 1）以及涉及欺凌的假设冲突（研究 2）后更强烈的复仇欲望。研究 3 实验性地诱发了对变化可能性的信念（增量理论），这导致寻求报复的欲望降低。这种效果通过对肇事者的坏人归因、羞耻感和仇恨感的变化以及复仇观念是一种有效的情绪调节策略的信念来介导。总的来说，这些发现阐明了对冲突反应的社会认知过程，并为减少青少年的暴力报复提供了潜在途径。
