Higheagle Strong Zoe, Frey Karin S, McMain Emma M, Pearson Cynthia R, Chiu Yawen
Washington State University, PO Box 642136, Pullman, WA 99164-2136, USA.
University of Washington, PO Box 353600, Seattle, WA 98195-3600, USA.
J Child Fam Stud. 2022 Nov;31(11):3152-3166. doi: 10.1007/s10826-022-02285-2. Epub 2022 Mar 31.
Adolescents targeted for peer aggression are at risk of emotion dysregulation and social withdrawal-responses that predict increased victimization and impede the protective factors of peer support. This study examined victimized youth's emotions and social appraisals following four common third-party peer actions. African American, European American, Mexican American, and Native American adolescents ( = 257, 53% female, = 15 years) described their emotions and appraisals of third-party peer actions after the participants had been targets of peer aggression. As hypothesized, emotional well-being, indexed by low levels of internalizing emotions and high levels of positive emotions, was greater after third-parties tried to help participants calm their emotions and resolve problems than after third-parties amplified participants' anger or avenged the victimized participants. Emotional well-being was greater after third-party revenge than after third-parties amplified participants' anger. Participants also reported calming, resolving and to a lesser extent third-party revenge, were more helpful, valued, and evoked a greater desire to reciprocate than anger amplification. Few ethnic differences were found. We consider how positive emotions and social appraisals of third-party actions are likely to increase well-being for victimized youth. The findings emphasize the need for specificity in how researchers and practitioners categorize third-party peer actions. Encouraging the types of action that are most appreciated by victimized youth might help adolescents be more effective sources of support in the context of peer aggression.
成为同伴攻击目标的青少年存在情绪调节障碍和社交退缩的风险，这些反应预示着受害情况会增加，并阻碍同伴支持的保护因素。本研究调查了受害青年在四种常见的第三方同伴行为后的情绪和社会评价。非裔美国、欧洲裔美国、墨西哥裔美国和美国原住民青少年（ = 257，53% 为女性， = 15 岁）在成为同伴攻击目标后，描述了他们对第三方同伴行为的情绪和评价。正如所假设的那样，以内化情绪水平低和积极情绪水平高为指标的情绪幸福感，在第三方试图帮助参与者平复情绪并解决问题后，比在第三方加剧参与者的愤怒或为受害参与者报仇后更高。第三方报复后的情绪幸福感高于第三方加剧参与者愤怒后的情况。参与者还报告说，第三方的安抚、解决问题以及在较小程度上的报复，比加剧愤怒更有帮助、更受重视，并且引发了更大的回报愿望。几乎没有发现种族差异。我们考虑第三方行为的积极情绪和社会评价如何可能增加受害青年的幸福感。研究结果强调了研究人员和从业者对第三方同伴行为进行分类时需要具体明确。鼓励受害青年最欣赏的行为类型可能有助于青少年在同伴攻击的背景下成为更有效的支持来源。
