Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820.USA.
Health Psychol. 2011 Nov;30(6):797-804. doi: 10.1037/a0023860. Epub 2011 May 23.
Conscientious individuals experience better physical health, in part because of their greater propensity to behave in ways that maintain wellness. In the current study we examined whether and how adherence mediates the relation between conscientiousness and physical health. Moreover, we examined whether these effects differed for adhering to doctor's orders (doctor adherence) versus adhering to medication regimens (medication adherence), as the latter is likely more relevant for older adults' health.
A nationwide sample of adults (N = 2,136, Mage = 51 years) completed personality and adherence measures, in addition to a self-report measure of perceived general health, in an online survey. Correlational analyses were performed to examine the basic relations between the constructs of interest. A bootstrapping approach was employed for examining whether the indirect effect through adherence was conditional on age.
Doctor adherence partially mediated the relation between conscientiousness and perceived health across adulthood. However, the indirect effect of medication adherence was conditional on age, insofar that medication adherence mediated the link between conscientiousness and perceived health only for older adults in the sample (i.e., those around age 51 and over).
These results suggest that although conscientious individuals report higher levels of both doctor and medication adherence, the role of adherence in explaining the link between conscientiousness and health may differ across adulthood.
尽责的个体通常身体健康状况更好，部分原因在于他们更倾向于采取保持健康的行为方式。在本研究中，我们检验了尽责性与身体健康之间的关系是否以及如何通过依从性来体现。此外，我们还检验了这些影响是否因遵循医嘱（医生依从性）与遵循药物治疗方案（药物依从性）而有所不同，因为后者可能与老年人的健康更为相关。
一项全国性的成年人样本（N=2136，平均年龄 51 岁）在线调查中完成了人格和依从性测量，以及自我报告的一般健康感知测量。相关分析用于检验感兴趣的结构之间的基本关系。通过自举法检验了通过依从性的间接效应是否依赖于年龄。
医生依从性部分中介了尽责性与感知健康之间的关系，贯穿成年期。然而，药物依从性的间接效应依赖于年龄，即药物依从性仅在样本中的老年人（即年龄在 51 岁及以上的人）中中介了尽责性与感知健康之间的联系。
这些结果表明，尽管尽责的个体报告了更高水平的医生和药物依从性，但在解释尽责性与健康之间的联系时，依从性的作用可能在成年期有所不同。
