Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2011 Jun;17(2):128-38. doi: 10.1037/a0024097.
Everyday experience suggests that drivers are less susceptible to motion sickness than passengers. In the context of inertial motion (i.e., physical displacement), this effect has been confirmed in laboratory research using whole body motion devices. We asked whether a similar effect would occur in the context of simulated vehicles in a visual virtual environment. We used a yoked control design in which one member of each pair of participants played a driving video game (i.e., drove a virtual automobile). A recording of that performance was viewed (in a separate session) by the other member of the pair. Thus, the two members of each pair were exposed to identical visual motion stimuli, but the risk of behavioral contagion was minimized. Participants who drove the virtual vehicle (drivers) were less likely to report motion sickness than participants who viewed game recordings (passengers). Data on head and torso movement revealed that drivers tended to move more than passengers, and that the movements of drivers were more predictable than the movements of passengers. Before the onset of subjective symptoms of motion sickness movement differed between participants who (later) reported motion sickness and those who did not, consistent with a prediction of the postural instability theory of motion sickness. The results confirm that control is an important factor in the etiology of motion sickness and extend this finding to the control of noninertial virtual vehicles.
日常经验表明，与乘客相比，驾驶员不易晕车。在惯性运动（即身体位移）的情况下，实验室研究使用全身运动装置已经证实了这种效果。我们想知道在模拟车辆的视觉虚拟环境中是否会发生类似的效果。我们使用了一种配对控制设计，每对参与者中的一名成员玩驾驶视频游戏（即驾驶虚拟汽车）。该表现的记录由该对的另一名成员观看（在单独的会话中）。因此，每对的两名成员都暴露于相同的视觉运动刺激下，但行为传染的风险最小化。驾驶虚拟车辆的参与者（驾驶员）比观看游戏记录的参与者（乘客）报告晕车的可能性较小。头部和躯干运动的数据表明，驾驶员倾向于比乘客移动更多，并且驾驶员的运动比乘客的运动更可预测。在晕车的主观症状出现之前，报告晕车的参与者和未报告晕车的参与者之间的运动就有所不同，这与晕车的姿势不稳定理论的预测一致。结果证实了控制是晕车病因的一个重要因素，并将这一发现扩展到了对非惯性虚拟车辆的控制。
