Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Acta Oncol. 2011 Jun;50 Suppl 1:25-38. doi: 10.3109/0284186X.2010.578369.
In the diagnostic process of prostate cancer, several radiologic imaging modalities significantly contribute to the detection and localization of the disease. These range from transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to positron emission tomography (PET). Within this review, after evaluation of the literature, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these imaging modalities in clarifying the patient's clinical status as to whether he has prostate cancer or not and if so, where it is located, so that therapy appropriate to the patient's disease may be administered. TRUS, specifically with the usage of intravenous contrast agents, provides an excellent way of directing biopsy towards suspicious areas within the prostate in the general (screening) population. MRI using functional imaging techniques allows for highly accurate detection and localization, particularly in patients with prior negative ultrasound guided biopsies. A promising new development is the performance of biopsy within the magnetic resonance scanner. Subsequently, a proposal for optimal use of radiologic imaging is presented and compared with the European and American urological guidelines on prostate cancer.
在前列腺癌的诊断过程中，几种影像学成像方式对疾病的检测和定位有重要贡献。这些方法包括经直肠超声（TRUS）、磁共振成像（MRI）和正电子发射断层扫描（PET）。在本次综述中，我们将在评估文献后，讨论这些成像方式在明确患者临床状况方面的优缺点，即他是否患有前列腺癌，如果有，癌灶位于何处，以便为患者的疾病提供适当的治疗。TRUS，特别是联合使用静脉造影剂，为在一般（筛查）人群中向前列腺内可疑区域定向进行活检提供了极好的方法。使用功能成像技术的 MRI 可实现高度准确的检测和定位，尤其是在先前经超声引导活检阴性的患者中。一个有前途的新发展是在磁共振扫描仪内进行活检。随后，提出了放射影像学的最佳使用建议，并与欧洲和美国泌尿外科关于前列腺癌的指南进行了比较。
