High prevalence of CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Asian countries: diverse clones and clonal dissemination.

The characteristics of 218 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia in nine Asian countries were investigated. In total, 92 isolates (42.2%) produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), amongst which 67 (72.8%) possessed CTX-M ESBL genes; CTX-M-15 was the major ESBL (55 isolates; 59.8%). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and plasmid replicon typing were performed to investigate the genetic backgrounds of the 55 CTX-M-15-producing K. pneumoniae isolates. Twenty-five sequence types (STs) were identified. Clonal complex 11 (CC11) including ST11 was the most prevalent clone (20 isolates; 36.4%) and was distributed in all Asian countries except Taiwan. ST15 was the next most frequently identified clone (8 isolates; 14.5%). An IncFIIA-type plasmid was predominantly associated with bla(CTX-M-15) (45 isolates; 81.8%). However, another plasmid type (IncA/C) was also identified and replicon types of seven isolates could not be determined. The high prevalence of CTX-M-15 amongst K. pneumoniae isolates in Asian countries may be due both to the acquisition of plasmids carrying bla(CTX-M-15) and the spread of certain clones such as ST11 and ST15.