Naiara Z Saraiva, Clara S Oliveira, Joaquim M Garcia, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, FCAV-Sao Paulo State University, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, Brazil.
World J Stem Cells. 2010 Dec 26;2(6):121-6. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v2.i6.121.
The understanding of mechanisms leading to cellular differentiation is the main aim of numerous studies. Accessibility of DNA to transcription factors depends on local chromatin structure and chromatin compaction inhibits gene transcription. Histone acetylation correlates with an open chromatin structure and increased gene expression. Gene transcription levels are changed in early embryonic stem cells differentiation in a tissue-specific manner and epigenetic marks are modified, including increased global acetylation levels. Manipulation of histone deacetylases activity might be an interesting tool to generate populations of specific cell types for transplantation purposes. Thus, this review aims to show recent findings on histone acetylation, a post translational modification and its manipulation in embryonic stem cells differentiation.
对导致细胞分化的机制的理解是众多研究的主要目标。转录因子对 DNA 的可及性取决于局部染色质结构，而染色质的紧缩会抑制基因转录。组蛋白乙酰化与开放的染色质结构相关，并且会增加基因表达。在组织特异性的早期胚胎干细胞分化过程中，基因转录水平会发生变化，并且会修饰表观遗传标记，包括增加整体乙酰化水平。组蛋白去乙酰化酶活性的操纵可能是一种产生特定细胞类型用于移植目的的有趣工具。因此，本综述旨在展示组蛋白乙酰化的最新发现，组蛋白乙酰化是一种翻译后修饰及其在胚胎干细胞分化中的操纵。
