Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Dpt of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fond Pascale, Napoli, Italy.
Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2011 Jul;11(7):827-32. doi: 10.1517/14712598.2011.587802. Epub 2011 May 24.
Adjuvants are becoming the key players of vaccine formulations to enhance the immunogenicity of subunit (peptides, proteins, virus-like particles (VLPs)) and DNA vaccines, as well as to reach the current new goals of preventing and/or treating chronic infectious diseases and cancers. Induction of humoral response, in particular neutralizing antibodies able to inhibit the binding of pathogens to their cellular receptors, remains a major goal of vaccines targeted to prevent acute lytic infections; induction/modulation of cellular immunity is, however, critical to fight latently/chronically infected cells as well as cancer cells. The new adjuvants, included in vaccine preparations, are currently able to modify the presentation of epitopes to the immune system with a specific T(H)1 versus T(H)2 polarization efficacy. A paradigm of the relevance of these new adjuvants is the immunological result obtained with the inclusion of monophosphoryl lipid A in the formulation of L1-based human papillomavirus (HPV)-naked VLPs. In the May issue of this journal, Garcon and colleagues describe the highly enhanced humoral and memory B cellular immunity of the AS04-adjuvanted HPV vaccine, which results in a long-lasting and broad spectrum immunity.
佐剂正成为疫苗配方的关键因素，以增强亚单位（肽、蛋白、病毒样颗粒（VLPs））和 DNA 疫苗的免疫原性，以及实现预防和/或治疗慢性传染病和癌症的当前新目标。诱导体液反应，特别是能够抑制病原体与其细胞受体结合的中和抗体，仍然是针对预防急性裂解感染的疫苗的主要目标；然而，诱导/调节细胞免疫对于对抗潜伏/慢性感染细胞以及癌细胞至关重要。新型佐剂，包括在疫苗制剂中，目前能够通过特定的 T(H)1 与 T(H)2 极化效果来改变抗原递呈给免疫系统的方式。这些新型佐剂的相关性的一个范例是在基于 L1 的人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）-裸 VLPs 制剂中加入单磷酰脂质 A 所获得的免疫结果。在本期杂志的 5 月刊中，Garcon 及其同事描述了 AS04 佐剂 HPV 疫苗高度增强的体液和记忆 B 细胞免疫，从而产生持久且广谱的免疫。
