Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Neuron. 2011 May 26;70(4):645-60. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.05.006.
The human cerebral cortex is an immensely complex structure that subserves critical functions that can be disrupted in developmental and degenerative disorders. Recent innovations in cellular reprogramming and differentiation techniques have provided new ways to study the cellular components of the cerebral cortex. Here, we discuss approaches to generate specific subtypes of excitatory cortical neurons from pluripotent stem cells. We review spatial and temporal aspects of cortical neuron specification that can guide efforts to produce excitatory neuron subtypes with increased resolution. Finally, we discuss distinguishing features of human cortical development and their translational ramifications for cortical stem cell technologies.
人类大脑皮层是一种极其复杂的结构,它为发育和退行性疾病所破坏的关键功能提供支持。细胞重编程和分化技术的最新创新为研究大脑皮层的细胞成分提供了新的方法。在这里,我们讨论了从多能干细胞产生特定类型兴奋性皮层神经元的方法。我们回顾了皮层神经元特化的空间和时间方面,这些方面可以指导产生具有更高分辨率的兴奋性神经元亚型的努力。最后,我们讨论了人类皮层发育的区别特征及其对皮层干细胞技术的转化意义。