Franzese Christine
Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2011 Jun;44(3):611-23, viii. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2011.03.003. Epub 2011 May 2.
In the United States, roughly 20% to 25% of the general adult population is afflicted by some form of chronic allergic respiratory disease, making allergy one of the most commonly diagnosed disorders. Among children, allergic disease is more common, with some sources estimating that it affects up to 40% of children. The focus of this article involves making the diagnosis of the most familiar and best understood of the hypersensitivity reactions, type 1 hypersensitivity, also termed immediate hypersensitivity. Although type 1 hypersensitivity can be caused by ingestion of food antigens or pharmaceuticals, this article focuses on IgE-mediated allergic disease caused primarily by inhalant allergens.
在美国，大约20%至25%的成年普通人群患有某种形式的慢性过敏性呼吸道疾病，这使得过敏成为最常被诊断出的疾病之一。在儿童中，过敏性疾病更为常见，一些数据估计高达40%的儿童受其影响。本文的重点是对最常见且最易理解的超敏反应——1型超敏反应（也称为速发型超敏反应）进行诊断。虽然1型超敏反应可能由摄入食物抗原或药物引起，但本文重点关注主要由吸入性过敏原导致的IgE介导的过敏性疾病。
