Mahoney Elizabeth J, Veling Maria C, Mims James W
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2011 Jun;44(3):815-33, xii. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2011.03.014. Epub 2011 May 4.
Food allergy is defined as an adverse health effect arising from a specific immune response that occurs reproducibly on exposure to a given food and is distinct from food intolerance. Clinical manifestations of food allergy are varied and involve many systems including respiratory, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal. The double-blinded placebo-controlled oral food challenge remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergy. Areas of ongoing research include improved understanding of determinants for the development of tolerance versus sensitization for foods, the role of diagnostic testing for specific epitopes for food allergens, and the use of oral immunotherapy for IgE-mediated food allergy.
食物过敏被定义为一种特定免疫反应引起的不良健康效应，这种反应在接触特定食物时可重复性发生，且与食物不耐受不同。食物过敏的临床表现多种多样，涉及包括呼吸、皮肤和胃肠道在内的多个系统。双盲安慰剂对照口服食物激发试验仍然是IgE介导的食物过敏诊断的金标准。正在进行研究的领域包括更好地理解食物耐受与致敏发展的决定因素、食物过敏原特定表位诊断检测的作用，以及IgE介导的食物过敏的口服免疫疗法的应用。
