Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2011 Jun 1;16(6):2243-58. doi: 10.2741/3851.
Three main subtypes of gliomas with distinct molecular pathologies have been modeled in animals to better understand their biology. Genetically engineered mouse models that take advantage of genetic abnormalities observed in human gliomas have been instrumental in this process. These models better recapitulate signaling transduction pathways and the microenvironment that play crucial roles in glioma formation than in vitro systems or transplantation models. An increasing amount of data supports the existence of cells functionally defined by their self-renewal ability and tumor-initiating potential upon serial transplantation. As the issue of these cells with stem cell character in gliomagenesis becomes more illusive, animal models that provide an accurate experimental system where the stem cell character can be manipulated and studied are urgently needed. This review provides an overview of the current state of the literature with respect to animal models used in the study of gliomas and cells with stem cell character in their native environment.
为了更好地了解其生物学特性，已在动物中建立了具有不同分子病理学的三种主要胶质瘤亚型模型。利用人类胶质瘤中观察到的遗传异常构建的基因工程小鼠模型在这一过程中发挥了重要作用。与体外系统或移植模型相比，这些模型更好地再现了在胶质瘤形成中起关键作用的信号转导途径和微环境。越来越多的数据支持存在具有自我更新能力和通过连续移植引发肿瘤潜能的功能定义细胞的存在。随着这些具有干细胞特征的细胞在胶质瘤发生中的问题变得更加模糊，迫切需要提供一种能够操纵和研究干细胞特征的准确实验系统的动物模型。这篇综述概述了目前在研究胶质瘤和其天然环境中具有干细胞特征的细胞的动物模型方面的文献状况。
