Zhang Bing, Wang Hui-Jun, DU Wen-Wen, Liu Ai-Dong, Zhang Ji-Guo, Wang Zhi-Hong, Su Chang, Ma Yu-Xia, Zhai Feng-Ying
National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2011 Apr;45(4):330-4.
To analyze the trends of food consumption among Chinese residents aged from 18 to 59 years old in 9 provinces (autonomous region) from 1989 to 2006.
The paper was based on data collected in 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004 and 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey of Chinese residents of 24 h in three consecutive day dietary recall data. The healthy residents aged 18 - 59 years with twenty-four-hour dietary recall data were selected as study subjects. The sample sizes of these seven surveys were 5766, 7296, 7019, 7599, 8143, 7168 and 6827, respectively. The trends of their food consumption in each year were analyzed through Kruskal-wallis method.
The intake of cereals decreased significantly from (528.5 ± 192.9) g/d in 1989 to (427.7 ± 173.8) g/d in 2006 (χ(2) = 2833.13, P < 0.01). The minor variation of soybean food intake was observed. The average intake was (22.3 ± 39.4) g/d in 1989 and (18.9 ± 30.5) g/d in 2006 which was still at a low level. The trend of vegetables intake showed a small decrease. It was (374.5 ± 205.9) g/d in males and (346.4 ± 187.6) g/d in females in 2006, respectively. Both quantity and rate of fruits consumption showed an increase trend. Its consumption rate reached at 22.5% (741/3296) in males and 27.7% (1004/3619) in females in 2006, respectively. The average intake increased from (122.4 ± 126.9) g/d in 1989 to (228.5 ± 267.3) g/d in 2006 (χ(2) = 539.66, P < 0.01). At the same time, the daily intake of meat and egg showed a large increase, the average meat intake increased from (97.0 ± 111.5) g/d in males and (80.2 ± 97.0) g/d in females in 1989 to (141.5 ± 125.2) g/d in males and (118.4 ± 111.8) g/d in females in 2006, respectively. The oil consumption showed a significant increase. The average intake increased from (30.4 ± 37.9) g/d in 1989 to (42.8 ± 32.3) g/d in 2006 (χ(2) = 1646.94, P < 0.01).
There have been noticeable changes in the Chinese dietary pattern in the past 17 years. Some changes would be helpful for nutritional improvement in Chinese people, but it also caused some adverse effects on health because of improper food consumption.
分析1989年至2006年中国9个省（自治区）18至59岁居民的食物消费趋势。
本文基于1991年、1993年、1997年、2000年、2004年和2006年中国居民健康与营养调查收集的数据，采用连续三天24小时膳食回顾数据。选取有24小时膳食回顾数据的18 - 59岁健康居民作为研究对象。这七次调查的样本量分别为5766、7296、7019、7599、8143、7168和6827。通过Kruskal - wallis法分析每年他们的食物消费趋势。
谷类摄入量从1989年的（528.5±192.9）克/天显著下降至2006年的（427.7±173.8）克/天（χ(2)=2833.13，P<0.01）。大豆类食物摄入量变化较小，1989年平均摄入量为（22.3±39.4）克/天，2006年为（18.9±30.5）克/天，仍处于较低水平。蔬菜摄入量呈小幅下降趋势，2006年男性为（374.5±205.9）克/天，女性为（346.4±187.6）克/天。水果的消费量和消费率均呈上升趋势，2006年男性消费率达到22.5%（741/3296），女性为27.7%（1004/3619）。平均摄入量从1989年的（122.4±126.9）克/天增加至2006年的（228.5±267.3）克/天（χ(2)=539.66，P<0.01）。同时，肉蛋类的每日摄入量大幅增加，1989年男性平均肉类摄入量为（97.0±111.5）克/天，女性为（80.2±97.0）克/天，2006年男性为（141.5±125.2）克/天，女性为（118.4±111.8）克/天。食用油消费量显著增加，平均摄入量从1989年的（30.4±37.9）克/天增加至2006年的（42.8±32.3）克/天（χ(2)=1646.94，P<0.01）。
过去17年中国饮食模式发生了显著变化。一些变化有助于改善中国人的营养状况，但由于食物消费不当也对健康造成了一些不利影响。
