Warwick HRI, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2011 Jul 12;366(1573):2035-44. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0411.
Plant diseases threaten both food security and the botanical diversity of natural ecosystems. Substantial research effort is focused on pathogen detection and control, with detailed risk management available for many plant diseases. Risk can be assessed using analytical techniques that account for disease pressure both spatially and temporally. We suggest that such technical assessments of disease risk may not provide an adequate guide to the strategies undertaken by growers and government to manage plant disease. Instead, risk-management strategies need to account more fully for intuitive and normative responses that act to balance conflicting interests between stakeholder organizations concerned with plant diseases within the managed and natural environments. Modes of effective engagement between policy makers and stakeholders are explored in the paper, together with an assessment of such engagement in two case studies of contemporary non-indigenous diseases in one food and in one non-food sector. Finally, a model is proposed for greater integration of stakeholders in policy decisions.
植物病害威胁着粮食安全和自然生态系统的植物多样性。大量的研究工作集中在病原体检测和控制上，许多植物病害都有详细的风险管理措施。可以使用考虑到空间和时间上疾病压力的分析技术来评估风险。我们认为，这种对疾病风险的技术评估可能无法为种植者和政府管理植物疾病所采取的策略提供充分的指导。相反，风险管理策略需要更充分地考虑到直观和规范的反应，以平衡管理和自然环境中关注植物疾病的利益相关者组织之间的利益冲突。本文探讨了政策制定者和利益相关者之间有效参与的模式，并对两个当代非本地疾病在一个食品和一个非食品部门的案例研究中的这种参与进行了评估。最后，提出了一个将利益相关者更充分地纳入政策决策的模型。
