Expression of matK: functional and evolutionary implications.

Strong phylogenetic signal from matK has rendered it an invaluable gene in plant systematic and evolutionary studies at various evolutionary depths. Further, matK is proposed as the only chloroplast-encoded group II intron maturase, thus implicating MATK in chloroplast posttranscriptional processing. For a protein-coding gene, matK has an unusual evolutionary mode and tempo, including relatively high substitution rates at both the nucleotide and amino acids levels. These evolutionary features have raised questions about matK function. In the current study, we examined matK RNA and protein from representative land plant species to provide insight into functional aspects of this unusual gene. We report the first evidence of a transcript for matK separate from the trnK precursor and demonstrate that a full-length MATK protein exists in five angiosperm species. We also show that matK RNA and protein levels are regulated by light and developmental stage, suggesting functional roles for this putative maturase. Specifically, matK expression increased after etiolation and decreased at 4 weeks after germination. This work provides evidence for the expression of the only putative chloroplast-encoded group II intron maturase and insight into regulation mechanisms relating to plant development and, indirectly, to photosynthesis.